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(回答先: 被害者証言の検証 投稿者 謝寅 日時 2007 年 3 月 04 日 20:56:32)
一次資料から見た実態
１．米軍の公文章から見る慰安婦の実態
１９４４年夏、北ビルマのミートキーナーにて、米軍に捕らえられた朝鮮人慰安婦二十人と雇用主の北村夫婦からの尋問記録の要約（米国立公文書館所蔵）
UNITED STATES OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION
Psychological Warfare Team
Attached to U.S.Army Forces India-Burma Theator
APO 689
Japanese Prisoner
of War Interrogation
Report No. 49. Place interrogated : Ledo Stookade
Date Interrogated : Aug. 20 - Sept. 10, 1944
Date of Report : October 1, 1944
By : T/3 Alex Yorichi
Prisoners : 20 Korean Comfort Girls
Date of Capture : August 10, 1944
Date of Arrival : August 15, 1994
at Stookade
PREFACE
前書き
This report is based on the information obtained from the interrogation of twenty Korean "comfort girls" and two Japanese civilians captured around the tenth of August, 1944 in the mopping up operations after the fall of Myitkyin a in Burma.
このレポートはビルマ、ミーチーナ陥落後１９４４年８月１０日前後の、掃討作戦により捕らえられた、２０人の韓国人「慰安婦」と、２人の日本民間人の取調べから得られた情報である。
The report shows how the Japanese recruited these Korean "comfort girls", the conditions under which they lived and worked, their relations with and reaction to to the Japanese soldier, and their understanding of the military situation.
このレポートは日本人がどのようにして韓国人「慰安婦」を募集したか、彼女らの生活、仕事の状況、彼女らの日本軍人に対する関係と反応、そして彼らの軍事情勢に対する理解度を明らかにする。
A "comfort girl" is nothing more than a prostitute or "professional camp follower" attached to the Japanese Army for the benefit of the soldiers. The word "comfort girl" is peculiar to the Japanese.
「慰安婦」とは、売春婦にすぎない。もしくは「野営追随プロ」、軍人の利益の為日本陸軍に付属する。「慰安婦」と言う言葉は日本人特有のものである。
Other reports show the "comfort girls" have been found wherever it was necessary for the Japanese Army to fight. This report however deals only with the Korean "comfort girls" recruited by the Japanese and attached to their Army in Burma. The Japanese are reported to have shipped some 703 of these girls to Burma in 1942.
他のレポートでは「慰安婦」とは日本陸軍が戦う為に不可欠なものであり、どこでも見受けられると記されている。このレポートではしかし、日本人に募集され、ビルマにて彼らの陸軍に付属していた韓国人「慰安婦」のみを扱うものである。日本人は１９４２年、ビルマに７０３名のこれらの女性を送ったと報告している。
RECRUITING;
募集：
Early in May of 1942 Japanese agents arrived in Korea for the purpose of enlisting Korean girls for "comfort service" in newly conquered Japanese territories in Southeast Asia. The nature of this "service" was not specified but it was assumed to be work connected with visiting the wounded in hospitals, rolling bandages, and generally making the soldiers happy.
１９４２年５月上旬、東南アジアの新しく勝ち得た属領で、「慰安奉仕」をさせる韓国人女性を募集する目的により、日本人代理業者は韓国に到着した。この「奉仕」の本質は特定されず、病院の負傷患者の訪問、包帯を巻いたり、軍人を明るくする事に関連する物と考えられた。
The inducement used by these agents was plenty of money, an opportunity to pay off the family debts, easy work, and the prospect of a new life in a new land, Singapore. On the basis of these false representaions many girls enlisted for overseas duty and were rewared with an advance of a few hundred yen.
この代理業者が動機として利用したものは大金、家族の借金の返済、簡単な仕事、新天地シンガポールで新しい人生を送れるなどである。この虚偽の説明に基づいて、多くの女性が海外勤務に志願し、何百円かの前金を受けた。
The majority of the girls were ignorant and uneducated, although a few had been connected with "oldest profession on earth" before. The contract they signed bound them to Army regulations and to war for the "house master " for a period of from six monthes to a year depending on the family debt for which they were advanced ...
これらの大部分の女性は無知で、教養が無かった。しかし、わずかながらだが以前から売春と関連があった者も居る。彼女らはサインした契約書により、家族の借金返済の為受けとった前金の金額により、６ヶ月から１年間、軍規と「舎監」に束縛された。
Approximatedly 800 of these girls were recruited in this manner and they landed with their Japanese "house master " at Rangoon around August 20th, 1942. They came in groups of from eight to twenty-two. From here they were distributed to various parts of Burma, usually to fair sized towns near Japanese Army camps.
おおよそ、８００名の女性がこのように集められ、彼女らは１９４２年、８月２０日前後ラングーンに彼女らの舎監と降り立った。彼女らは８人から２２人のグループで到着した。ここから彼女らはビルマの各地、大抵は近くに日本陸軍基地があるまあまあ大きな町へに分散していった。
Eventually four of these units reached the Myitkyina. They were, Kyoei, Kinsui, Bakushinro, and Momoya. The Kyoei house was called the "Maruyama Club", but was changed when the girls reached Myitkyina as Col.Maruyama, commander of the garrison at Myitkyina, objected to the similarity to his name.
最終的に４つのグループがミーチーナにたどり着いた。彼らはキョウエイ、キンスイ、バクシンロ、モモヤマであった。キョウエイの一家は「マルヤマクラブ」と呼ばれていた。が、彼女らがミーチーナに到着した後、ミーチーナ駐屯地の司令官である
マルヤマ大佐と同じ名前の為変更された。
PERSONALITY;
性格：
The interrogations show the average Korean "comfort girl" to be about twenty five years old, uneducated, childish, and selfish. She is not pretty either by Japanese of Caucasian standards. She is inclined to be egotistical and likes to talk about herself. Her attitude in front of strangers is quiet and demure, but she "knows the wiles of a woman."
取調べでは、平均的韓国人「慰安婦」は約２５歳、無教養、大人気なく、利己的であることを見せる。彼女は白人の基準からも、日本人の基準からも可愛くはない。彼女は自己中心的な傾向があり、自分の事を話すのが好きである。彼女の知らない人の前での態度は静かで、控えめだが、彼女は「男を手玉に取る方法を知っている。」
She claims to dislike her "profession" and would rather not talk either about it or her family. Because of the kind treatment she received as a prisoner from American soldiers at Myitkyina and Ledo, she feels that they are more emotional than Japanese soldiers. She is afraid of Chinese and Indian troops.
彼女は自分の「専門職」が好きでない事を申し立て、その事や、家族の事に付いて話したがらない。ミーチーナとレドゥーでの米国軍人から捕虜として受けた扱いにより、彼女は彼らの方が日本軍人よりも感情的だと感じている。彼女は中国とインドの部隊を恐れている。
LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS;
住居と仕事の状況：
In Myitkyina the girls were usually quartered in a large two story house(usually a school building) with a separate room for each girl. There each girl lived, slept, and transacted business. In Myitkina their food was prepared by and purchased from the "house master" as they received no regular ration from the Japanese Army.
ミーチーナで彼女らは大抵大きな２階建ての建物を宿舎として与えられ、各女性に個別の部屋が割り当てられ、各々の女性は生活し、睡眠をとり、業務に勤めた。ミーチーナでは彼女らの食事は、日本陸軍からの配給が無い為、舎監によって、準備されそして購入していた。
They lived in near-luxury in Burma in comparison to other places. This was especially true of their second year in Burma. They lived well because their food and material was not heavily rationed and they had plenty of money with which to purchase desired articles. They were able to buy cloth, shoes, cigarettes, and cosmotics to supplement the many gifts given to them by soldiers who had received "comfort bags" from home.
彼女らはビルマの他の所と比べて高級地近くに住んでいた。この事は彼らのビルマ２年目では特にそうである。彼らは贅沢に暮らした、それは彼女らの食事や物質は大量には配給されず、彼女らが望む品物を買えるだけの十分なお金を持っていたからである。彼女らは服、靴、タバコ、そして化粧品を買え、実家から慰問袋を受け取った多くの軍人から、多くのプレゼントを貰っていた。
While in Burma they amused themselves by participating in sports events with both officers and men, and attended picnics, entertainments, and social dinners. They had a phono-graph and in the towns they were allowed to go shopping.
ビルマに留まっている間は将兵と共に、スポーツイベントに参加したり、ピクニックに出席したり、娯楽、社交ディナー等で彼女ら自身楽しんだ。彼女らは蓄音機も持ち、町の中では買い物に行くことも許された。
PRIOR SYSTEM;
優先システム：
The conditions under which they transacted business were regulated by the Army, and in congested areas regulations were strictly enforced. The Army found it necessary in congested areas to install a system of prices, priorities, and schedules for the various units operating in a particular areas. According to interregations the average system was as follows ;
彼女らの業務状態は陸軍規定の元にあり、過密地域では規則は厳格に実施された。陸軍は過密地域では金額、優先順位、各種の部隊が過密して働いてる地域での計画が必要だと考えた。取調べによると、平均的なシステムは以下の通り。
1. Soldiers 10 AM to 5 PM 1.50 yen 20 to 30 minutes
2. NGOs 5 PM to 9 PM 3.00 yen 30 to 40 minutes
3. Officers 9 PM to 12 PM 5.00 yen 30 to 40 minutes
１ 兵士 １０AM〜５PM １．５０円 ２０〜３０分
２ NGO ５PM〜９PM ３．００円 ３０〜４０分
３ 将校 ９PM〜１２PM ５．００円 ３０〜４０分
These were average prices in Central Burma. Officers were allowed to stay overnight for twenty yen. In Myitkyina Col. Maruyama slashed the prices to almost one-half of the average price.
これらは中央ビルマでの平均金額である。将校は１２円で一晩留まる事が許された。
ミーチーナではマルヤマ大佐が平均金額のほぼ半分まで金額を削減させた。
SCHEDULES :
日程：
The soldiers often complained about congestion in the houses. In many situasions they were not served and had to leave as the army was very strict about overstaying . In order to overcome this problem the Army set aside certain days for certain units. Usually two men from the unit for the day were stationed at the house to identify soldiers. A roving MP was also on hand to keep order. Following is the schedule used by the "Kyoei" house for the various units of the 18th Division while at Naymyo.
兵士はしばしば建物内の混雑に不満を漏らした。陸軍は長居をする事に対し非常に厳しかった為、多くの状況で彼らは奉仕を受けずまま去らなければならなかった。この問題を解決する為に陸軍は特定の曜日を特定の部隊に割り当てた。大抵1日に付き、部隊から２人が兵士らを識別する為、建物に駐在した。秩序維持を為に、憲兵も見回りを勤めた。下記に記したものがナイミョウに滞在していた間、第１８師団の各種部隊がキョウエイで使用した日程である。
Sunday ----- 18th Div. Hdqs. Staff
Monday ----- Cavalry
Thuesday ----- Engineers
Wednesday ----- Day off and weekly physical exam.
Thursday ----- Medios
Friday ----- Mountain artillery
Saturday ----- Transport
日曜 １８師団、司令部、所属
月曜 機甲部隊
火曜 工兵
水曜 休日、毎週の健康診断
木曜 衛生兵
金曜 山岳砲兵部隊
土曜 輸送部隊
Officers were allowed to come seven nights a week. The girls complained that even with the schedule congestion was so great that they could not care for all guests, thus causing ill feeling among many of the soldiers.
将校は週７日来る事が許されていた。彼女らはこの日程でも過密極まりなく、その為、全ての客に構っていられないと文句を言い、それ故多くの兵隊に悪感情をもたらした。
Soldiers would come to the house, pay the price and get tickets of cardboard about two inches square with the prior on the left side and the name of the house on the other side. Each soldier's identity or rank was then established after which he "took his turn in line". The girls were allowed the prerogative of refusing a customer. This was often done if the person were too drunk.
兵士は建物を訪れ、支払いをし、左側に順番、右側に名前の書かれた約５センチ四方のボール紙のチケットを受け取る。「彼の順番が来た時」に各々の兵士の身分、階級が明らかにされる。彼女らは客を拒否する特権を与えられており、個人が酷く酔っていた時等、頻繁に行使された。
PAY AND LIVING CONDITIONS;
給料と居住状況：
The "house master" received fifty to sixty per cent of the girls' gross earnigs depending on how much of a de bt each girl had incurred when she signed her contract. This moant that in an average month a girl would gross about fifteen hundred yen. She turned over seven hundred and fifty to the "master". Many "masters" made life very difficult for the girls by charging them high prices for food and other articles.
「舎監」は彼女達が契約した時に被った債務金額に次第で彼女らの総収入の５０〜６０％を受け取る。これによると、月平均で女性は１５００円を総収益をあげ、彼女は７５０円を「マスター」に返済する事になる。多くの「マスター」は食事や品物に高値を付け、彼女らの生活を困難なものにした
In the latter part of 1943 the Army issued orders that certain girls who had paid their debt could return home. Some of the girls were thus allowed to return to Korea.
１９４３年後半、陸軍は債務を返済した女性へ帰省を命令し、何人かの女性は寄って、韓国へと帰国した。
The interrogations further show that the health of these gilrs was good. They were well supplied with all types of contraceptives, and often soldiers would bring their own which had been supplied by the army. They were well trained in looking after both themselves and customers in the matter of hycine.
この取調べでは彼女らの健康状態も良い事を示している。彼女らはあらゆる種類の避妊用具を十分に支給され、しばしば、兵士自身も陸軍から支給された物を持って来る事があった。彼女らは衛生の問題において客と自分の世話が出来る様、良く訓練されていた。
A regular Japanese Army doctor visited the houses once a week and any girl found diseased was given treatment, secluded, and eventually sent to a hospital. This same procedure was carried on within the ranks of the Army itself, but it is interesting to note that a soldier did not lose pay during the period he was confined.
かかりつけの日本軍医が週に１回訪れ、病気が見付かった女性は皆治療を受け、隔離され、最終的には病院へ送られた。この同じ手順が陸軍内部でも遂行された。が、興味深い事には兵士は彼が拘束された（病気による隔離）期間の間、給料を失う事は無かった。
REACTIONS TO JAPANESE SOLDIERS;
日本人兵士への反応：
In their relations with the Japanese officers and men only two names of any consequence came out of interrogations. They were those of Col. Maruyama, commander of the garrison at Myitkyina. and Maj.Gen.Mizukami, who brought in reinforcements. The two were exact opposites. The former was hard, selfish and repulsive with no consideration for his men; the latter a good, kind man and a fine soldier, with the utmost consideration for those who worked under him.
取調べにより、彼女らと将兵との間柄に置いては、二つの名前に帰結した。それらは、ミーチーナ駐屯地の司令官である、あのマルヤマ大佐と援軍を率いて来たミズカミ少将である。二人は対照的で、前者は堅物で利己的で冷淡で、部下への配慮も無い。後者は善良、親切な男で、立派な軍人であり、彼の元働く部下へも最大の配慮をする。
The Colonel was a constant habitue of the houses while the General was never known to have visited them. With the fall of Myitkyina, Col. Maruyama supposedly desorted while Gen. Mizukami committed sucide because he could not evacuate the men.
大佐は彼女らの常連であり、少将が訪れた事は聞かれた事が無い。
ミーチーナの陥落とともに、マルヤマ大佐は逃亡したと思われ、一方、ミズカミ少将は、部下を撤退させることができなかった故に自決した。
SOLDIERS REACTIONS;
兵士の反応：
The average Japanese soldier is embarrassed about being seen in a "comfort house" acoording to one of the girls who said, "when the place is packed he is apt to be ashamed if he has to wait in line for his turn". However there were numerous instances of proposals of marriage and in certain cases marriages actually took place.
普通の日本軍人は慰安ハウスで見られる事は、ばつの悪い事のようで、ある女性の言う所によると、「満員で列に並んで自分の順番を待つのにも恥ずかしがりがち」しかしながら、極めて多くの結婚の申し込みがあり、ある場合に置いては実際に結婚した。
All the girls agreed that the worst officers and men who came to see them were those who were drunk and leaving for the front the following day. But all likewise agreed that even though very drunk the Japanese soldier never discussed military matters or secrets with them. Though the girls might start the conversation about some military matter the officer or enlisted man would not talk, but would in fact "scold us for discussing such un-lady like subjects. Even Col.Maru yama when drunk would never discuss such matters."
全ての女性が彼女らの所へ来た将兵のうち、翌日前線へ向かう兵士と、酔った物が最悪であると同意した。しかし同様に、酷く酔った日本人兵士であっても、彼女らと機密や軍事問題を話題にする者が居ない事にも同意した。
しかし、女性の方から軍事問題を会話を始めても、将校又は下士官兵は話さず、むしろ「そのような女性らしくない話題について話す事を説教された。酔っ払ったマルヤマ大佐でさえ決してそのような問題について話す事は無かった。」
The soldiers would often express how much they enjoyed receiving magazines, letters and newspapers from home. They also mentioned the receipt of "comfort bags" filled with canned goods, magazines, soap, handkerchiefs, toothbrush, miniature doll, lipstick, and wooden clothes. The lipstick and cloths were feminin and the girls couldn't understand why the people at home were sending such articles. They speculated that the sender could only have had themselves or the "native girls".
兵士はよく実家からの雑誌や、手紙や、新聞を受け取ることをいかに楽しみにしているか表現したと言う。彼らはまた、缶詰、雑誌、石鹸、ハンカチ、歯ブラシ、小さな人形、口紅や服であふれた慰安袋を受け取った事にも言及した。
口紅と服は女性の物であり、彼女達は何故実家の人達がそのような物を送るのか理解出来ないが、送り主は彼女自身か、現地の女かしか受け入れられなかったと憶測する。
MILITARY SITUATION;
"In the initial attack on Myitleyna and the airstrip about two hundred Japanese died in battle, leaving about two hundred to defend the town. Ammunition was very low.
"Col.Maruyama dispersed his men. During the following days the enemy were shooting haphazardly everywhere. It was a waste since they didn't seem to aim at any particular thing. The Japanese soldiers on the other hand had orders to fire one shot at a time and only when they were sure of a hit."
Before the enemy attacked on the west airstrip, soldiers stationed around Myitkyina were dispatched elsewhere, to stom the Allied attack in the North and West. About four hundred men were left behind, largely from the 114th Regiment. Evid ently Col.Maruyama did not expect the town to be attacked. Later Maj.Gen.Mizukami of the 56th Division brought in reinfo rcements of more than two regiments but these were unable to hold the town.
It was the concensus among the girls that Allied bombings were intense and frightening and because of them they spent most of their last days in foxholes. One or two even carried on work there. The comfort houses were bombed and several of the girls were wounded and killed.
RETREAT AND CAPTURE;
The story of the retreat and final capture of the "comfort girls" is somewhat vague and confused in their own minds. From various reports it appears that the following occurred: on the night of July 31st a party of sixty three people including the "comfort girls" of three houses(Bakushinro was merged with Kinsui), families, and helpers, started across the Irrawaddy River in small boats. They eventually landed somewhere near Waingmaw, They stayed there until August 4th, but never entered Waingmaw. From there they followed in the path of a group of soldiers until August 7th when there was a skirmish with the enemy and the party split up. The girls were ordered to follow the soldiers after three hour interval. They did this only to find themselves on the bank of a river with no sign of the soldiers or any mea ns of crossing. They remained in a nearby house until August 10th when they were captured by Kaahin soldiers led by an English officer. They were taken to Myitleyina and then to the Ledo stockado where the interrogation which form the basis of this report took place.
REQUESTS;
None of the girls appeared to have heard the loudspeaker used at Myitkyina but very did overhear the soldiers mention a "radio broadcast"
They asked that leaflets telling of the capture of the "comfort girls" should not be used for it would endanger the lives of other girls if the Army knew of their capture. They did think it would be a good idea to utilise the fact of their capture in any droppings planned for Korea.
＊このレポートは、慰安婦をハッキリと「売春婦」と言い切っている。
また、民間業者による虚実を用いた募集があった事を報告しているが、日本軍による強制連行や奴隷狩りが行われたという指摘は全くない。
それ所か、日本軍は慰安婦たちの人権を尊重し、厚遇していた事が良く分かる。
参考サイト
http://www.geocities.com/theaterapo689/
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1944年、3人の朝鮮人軍属から聴取した記録（USA公式文書）
Composite Report on three Korean Navy Civilians List No. 78,dated 28 March 1945,"Special Questions on Koreans"(U.S.National Archives)
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