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投稿者 Foreign Affairs January / February 2001 日時 2001 年 1 月 07 日 10:45:02:
回答先: Re: The Tiananmen Papers 投稿者 Foreign Affairs January / February 2001 日時 2001 年 1 月 07 日 10:43:49:
(continued)
THE ELDERS DISCUSS A SUCCESSOR
On May 21, Deng Xiaoping again convened the party elders, since the
younger generation of leaders seemed unable to manage.
Excerpts from Party Central Office Secretariat, "Minutes of important
meeting, May 21, 1989," document supplied to Party Central Office
Secretariat for its records by the Office of Deng Xiaoping:
Deng Xiaoping: ... In the recent turmoil Zhao Ziyang has exposed his
position completely. He obviously stands on the side of the turmoil, and
in practical terms he has been fomenting division, splitting the Party, and
defending turmoil. It's lucky we're still here to keep a lid on things. Zhao
Ziyang stimulated turmoil, and there's no reason to keep him. Hu Qili is
no longer fit for the Standing Committee, either.
Chen Yun: ... Comrade Xiannian has pointed out to me that Comrade
Jiang Zemin from Shanghai is a suitable candidate. Every time I've gone
down to Shanghai he always sees me, and he strikes me as a modest
person with strong party discipline and broad knowledge. He gets along
well in Shanghai, too.
Li Xiannian: ... I noticed, after the April 26 editorial, that again it was
Shanghai that took the lead in pushing the spirit of Party Central. Jiang
Zemin called a meeting of more than ten thousand officials the very next
day, and he yanked the World Economic Herald into shape. That was
something! That move -- given what was going on -- put him under
tremendous public pressure, but he stood firm, didn't budge, and stuck
to principle.
Then, when the Party, government, and army at the Center declared
martial law, again it was Shanghai that took the lead in action. This kind
of firm attitude's hard to come by. In political action and party loyalty,
Jiang Zemin has been a constant. And of course, he's got a good knack
for economic work. Shanghai's built a good economic foundation these
last few years. ... I like the idea of him as general secretary.
THE SELECTION OF JIANG ZEMIN
On the night of May 27, Deng Xiaoping and the other seven elders met
for about five hours at Deng's residence to finalize a successor to Zhao
Ziyang as Communist Party general secretary.
Excerpts from Party Central Office Secretariat, "Minutes of important
meeting, May 27, 1989," document supplied to Party Central Office
Secretariat for its records by the Office of Deng Xiaoping:
Deng Xiaoping: I've checked with Comrades Chen Yun and Xiannian,
and they completely agree with my view that the new leadership team
must continue to carry out the political line, principles, and policies of
the Third Plenum of the Eleventh Central Committee. Even the language
should stay the same. The political report of the Thirteenth Party
Congress was approved by all representatives at the time. Not a single
word of it can be changed. The policies of reform and opening must not
change, for several decades; we've got to press them through to the
end. This should be what we expect and require from the new
generation of [Party] Central leadership.
Unless someone objects, I move that the new Standing Committee of
the Politburo be made up of the following six comrades: Jiang Zemin, Li
Peng, Qiao Shi, Yao Yilin, Song Ping, and Li Ruihuan, with Comrade
Jiang Zemin as general secretary.
The motion to appoint Jiang as general secretary and to add Li and
Song to the Standing Committee had been approved by the elders by a
show of hands. But this violated the Chinese Communist Party
Constitution, which stipulates that the Politburo Standing Committee
should make such decisions.
THE ELDERS DECIDE TO CLEAR TIANANMEN SQUARE
On the morning of June 2, party elders Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian,
Peng Zhen, Yang Shangkun, Bo Yibo, and Wang Zhen met with the
Standing Committee of the Politburo, which at that juncture consisted
only of Li Peng, Qiao Shi, and Yao Yilin.
Excerpts from Party Central Office Secretariat, "Minutes of important
meeting, June 2, 1989," document supplied to Party Central Office
Secretariat for its records by the Office of Deng Xiaoping:
Li Peng: Yesterday the Beijing Party Committee and the State Security
Ministry both submitted reports to the Politburo. These two reports give
ample evidence that following the declaration of martial law a major
scheme of the organizers and plotters of the turmoil has been to occupy
Tiananmen Square to serve
as a command center for a final showdown
with the Party and government. The square has become "a center of the
student movement and eventually the entire nation."
Whatever decisions the government makes, strong reactions will emerge
from the Square. It has been determined that, following the declaration
of martial law, events such as putting together a dare-to-die corps to
block the martial law troops, gathering thugs to storm the Beijing Public
Security Bureau, holding press conferences, and recruiting the Flying
Tiger Group to pass messages around were all plotted in and
commanded from the Square. ...
The reactionary elements have also continued to use the Square as a
center for hatching counterrevolutionary opinion and manufacturing
rumor. Illegal organizations such as the AFS [Autonomous Federation
of Students] and AFW [Autonomous Federation of Workers] have
installed loudspeakers on the Square and broadcast almost around the
clock, attacking party and state leaders, inciting overthrow of the
government, and repeating over and over distorted reports from [the
Voice of America] and the Hong Kong and Taiwan press.
The reactionary elements believe the government will eventually crack
down if they refuse to withdraw from the square. Their plot is to
provoke conflict and create bloodshed incidents, clamoring that "blood
will awaken the people and cause the government to split and collapse."
A few days ago these reactionary elements openly erected a so-called
goddess statue in front of the Monument to the People's Heroes. Today
they are planning to launch another hunger strike in the Square.
... When the turmoil began employees of the U.S. embassy started to
collect intelligence aggressively. Some of them are CIA agents. Almost
every day, and especially at night, they would go and loiter at
Tiananmen or at schools such as Peking University and Beijing Normal.
They have frequent contact with leaders of the AFS and give them
advice. The Chinese Alliance for Democracy, which has directly
meddled in this turmoil, is a tool the United States uses against China.
This scum of our nation, based in New York, has collaborated with the
pro-KMT Chinese Benevolent Association to set up
a so-called
Committee to Support the Chinese Democracy Movement. They also
gave money to leaders of the AFS.
As soon as the turmoil started, KMT intelligence agencies in Taiwan
and other hostile forces outside China rushed to send in agents
disguised as visitors, tourists, businessmen, and so on. They have tried
to intervene directly to expand the so-called democracy movement into
an all-out "movement against communism and tyranny." They have also
instructed underground agents to keep close track of things and to
collect all kinds of information. There is evidence that KMT agents from
Taiwan have participated in the turmoil in Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian, and
elsewhere. ... It is becoming increasingly clear that the turmoil has been
generated by a coalition of foreign and domestic reactionary forces and
that their goals are to overthrow the Communist Party and to subvert
the socialist system.
Wang Zhen: Those goddamn bastards! Who do they think they are,
trampling on sacred ground like Tiananmen so long?! They're really
asking for it! We should send the troops right now to grab those
counterrevolutionaries, Comrade Xiaoping! What's the People's
Liberation Army for, anyway? What are martial law troops for? They're
not supposed to just sit around and eat! They're supposed to grab
counterrevolutionaries! We've got to do it or we'll never forgive
ourselves! We've got to do it or the common people will rebel!
Anybody who tries to overthrow the Communist Party deserves death
and no burial!
Deng Xiaoping: ... The causes of this incident have to do with the global
context. The Western world, especially the United States, has thrown
its entire propaganda machine into agitation work and has given a lot of
encouragement and assistance to the so-called democrats or opposition
in China -- people who in fact are the scum of the Chinese nation. This
is the root of the chaotic situation we face today. ... Some Western
countries use things like "human rights," or like saying the socialist
system is irrational or illegal, to criticize us, but what they're really after
is our sovereignty. Those Western countries that play power politics
have no right at all to talk ab
out human rights!
Look how many people around the world they've robbed of human
rights! And look how many Chinese people they've hurt the human
rights of since they invaded China during the Opium war! ...
Yang Shangkun: The fact that we're going to clear the square, restore
order, and stop the turmoil in no way means that we're giving up on
reform or closing our country off from the world.
Deng Xiaoping: No one can keep China's reform and opening from
going forward. Why is that? It's simple: Without reform and opening our
development stops and our economy slides downhill. Living standards
decline if we turn back. The momentum of reform cannot be stopped.
We must insist on this point at all times.
Some people say we allow only economic reform and not political
reform, but that's not true. We do allow political reform, but on one
condition: that the Four Basic Principles are upheld. [The Four Basic
Principles are Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong thought, socialism, the
people's democratic dictatorship, and leadership by the Chinese
Communist Party.] ...
Yang Shangkun: Troops have moved into the Great Hall of the People,
Zhongshan Park, the People's Cultural Palace, and the Public Security
Ministry compound. The thinking of all officers and soldiers has been
thoroughly prepared for a clearing of Tiananmen Square. After nearly
half a month of political thought work, all officers and soldiers have
deepened their understanding of the severity and complexity of this
struggle and have comprehended the necessity and the legality of martial
law.
Li Peng: I strongly urge that we move immediately to clear Tiananmen
Square and that we resolutely put an end to the turmoil and the ever
expanding trouble.
Qiao Shi: The facts show that we can't expect the students on the
Square to withdraw voluntarily. Clearing the square is our only option,
and it's quite necessary. I hope our announcement about clearing will
meet with approval and support from the majority of citizens and
students. Clearing the Square is the beginning of a restoration of normal
order in the capital.
Deng Xiaoping: I agree with all of you and suggest the martial law
troops begin tonight to carry out the clearing plan and finish it within two
days. As we proceed with the clearing, we must explain it clearly to all
the citizens and students, asking them to leave and doing our very best
to persuade them. But if they refuse to leave, they will be responsible
for the consequences. ...
題名には必ず「阿修羅さんへ」と記述してください。