昨年却下されたはずの米国徴兵制度復活法案が、再提出されたようなので、とりあえず主要部分だけ試訳（当然だが、アメリカ政府関係機関による公式訳ではありません。また当方、アメリカの事情や法律には疎いので、その方面の補足などなどいただければ幸いです）。本法案が通過する可能性は現時点では低いと思われますが、今年に入ってからのイラン情勢の進展など見ると、今後の事態推移いかんでは、このような法案が成立する可能性も皆無ではないように思われます。

現在アメリカで暮らしている人間でなければ、アメリカでどのような法案が成立してもあれこれ言うことも無いのかもしれないが、日本では（植民地状態脱却目的や自存自衛目的ならともかく）いかがわしい「対テロ戦争」に参加するためだけの目的で、このような法案を通すことがあってはならない。（余談だが、労働強化を唱えるアメリカかぶれの経営者や御用学者と、ゆとり狂育廃止や夏休み短縮、ボランティア義務化を唱える痴性屋の言動の裏には、将来の強制徴用の匂いを感じることがある。案外「その時」が来れば、日本でもこのような法案が成立して、明大の音読狂授あたりが「ミッションパッションハイテンション」などわけわからない文句を気違いみたいに絶叫して、百ますターベーション計算で思考能力を喪失した愚民を戦場に送り出したりして。）

▽参考リンク
米国、徴兵制度復活法案（“ビッグ・ブラザー付き”）はすでに上程されていた！：Global Research
http://www.asyura2.com/0601/war80/msg/1120.html
投稿者 バルセロナより愛を込めて 日時 2006 年 6 月 04 日 05:42:20: SO0fHq1bYvRzo

法案提出者・ランゲル下院議員（民主党）公式HP（法案趣旨説明つき）
http://rangel.house.gov/
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
TEXT OF BILL: UNIVERSAL NATIONAL SERVICE ACT OF 2006 (HR 4752)
2006年国家安全保障義務法案(HR 4752)
Link to official Congressional Document:
Universal National Service Act of 2006 (Introduced in House)
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:H.R.4752.IH:
HR 4752 IH
109th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 4752
To provide for the common defense by requiring all persons in the United States, including women, between the ages of 18 and 42 to perform a period of military service or a period of civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
February 14, 2006
Mr. RANGEL introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services
･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････
A BILL
法案の目的
To provide for the common defense by requiring all persons in the United States, including women, between the ages of 18 and 42 to perform a period of military service or a period of civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes.
女性を含む18歳から42歳までのすべての合衆国在住者に、一定期間軍務に服するか、もしくは国防、国家安全保障等に資する民間による国家安全保障関連業務（訳注：以下では民間業務と記す）に服するという国防参加義務を課すことにより、合衆国の安全保障を高めることを目的とする。

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
本法案は、アメリカ合衆国両院による採択後に効力を発することとする

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
第1章：本法の略称、目次
(a) Short Title- This Act may be cited as the `Universal National Service Act of 2006'.
(a)本法の名称は、2006年国家安全保障義務法案とする
(b) Table of Contents- The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
(b)目次
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
第1章：本法の略称、目次
Sec. 2. National service obligation.
第2章　国家安全保障義務
Sec. 3. Two-year period of national service.
第3章　国家安全保障義務への服務期間
Sec. 4. Implementation by the President.
第4章　大統領による指定事項
Sec. 5. Induction.
第5章：徴兵
Sec. 6. Deferments and postponements.
第6章：徴兵猶予、延期
Sec. 7. Induction exemptions.
第7章：本法による徴兵対象にならない者
Sec. 8. Conscientious objection.
第8章：良心的兵役拒否
Sec. 9. Discharge following national service.
第9章： 国家安全保障義務の解除
Sec. 10. Registration of females under the Military Selective Service Act.
第10章：軍選抜徴兵法における女性の扱い
Sec. 11. Relation of Act to registration and induction authority of military selective service Act.
第11章：本法と軍選抜徴兵法の登録、徴兵当局との関係
Sec. 12. Definitions.
第12章：本法における用語の定義

SEC. 2. NATIONAL SERVICE OBLIGATION.
第2章：国家安全保障義務
(a) Obligation for Service- It is the obligation of every citizen of the United States, and every other person residing in the United States, who is between the ages of 18 and 42 to perform a period of national service as prescribed in this Act unless exempted under the provisions of this Act.
(a)徴兵義務−18歳から42歳までのすべてのアメリカ国民ならびに合衆国に住んでいるすべての人間は、本法の規定により免除される場合を除き、本法の規定に従い一定期間下記の国家安全保障義務に服さなければならない。

(b) Form of National Service- National service under this Act shall be performed either―
(1) as a member of an active or reserve component of the uniformed services; or
(2) in a civilian capacity that, as determined by the President, promotes the national defense, including national or community service and homeland security.
(b) 国家安全保障義務−本法に基づく国家安全保障義務とは、下記2種類のいずれかを指す
(1) （正規軍、予備役いずれかの）軍務に服する
または
(2) 大統領指定の、国家安全保障に資する民間業務に服する。民間業務には連邦政府または地方自治体が課す義務、または国土安全保障活動を含む。

(c) Induction Requirements- The President shall provide for the induction of persons covered by subsection (a) to perform national service under this Act.
(c) 徴兵要件−大統領は大統領令により、(a)に該当する者を徴兵し、本法規定の国家安全保障義務に服せしめるものとする。

(d) Selection for Military Service- Based upon the needs of the uniformed services, the President shall―
(d) 軍要員の選抜−

(1) determine the number of persons covered by subsection (a) whose service is to be performed as a member of an active or reserve component of the uniformed services; and
(1) 大統領は軍の要請に従い、(a)に該当する者の中から、正規軍または予備役いずれかの軍務に服する人員数を決定し、
(2) select the individuals among those persons who are to be inducted for military service under this Act.

(2) その中から、本法の定める所により徴兵の対象となる者を決定する。
(e) Civilian Service- Persons covered by subsection (a) who are not selected for military service under subsection (d) shall perform their national service obligation under this Act in a civilian capacity pursuant to subsection (b)(2).

(e) （国家安全保障関連）民間業務−(a)に該当する市民で、（d）の規定により軍務に服さない者は、本法(b-2)に定められた国家安全保障関連業務に服さなければならない。

SEC. 3. TWO-YEAR PERIOD OF NATIONAL SERVICE.
第3章：国家安全保障義務への服務期間
(a) General Rule- Except as otherwise provided in this section, the period of national service performed by a person under this Act shall be two years.
(a) 原則−本法で別途定めの無い場合、本法に定める国家安全保障義務に服する期間は2年とする。

(b) Grounds for Extension- At the discretion of the President, the period of military service for a member of the uniformed services under this Act may be extended--
(b) 期間延長−以下に示すような場合、国家安全保障義務に服する期間は、大統領の裁量により延長することができる。

(1) with the consent of the member, for the purpose of furnishing hospitalization, medical, or surgical care for injury or illness incurred in line of duty; or
(1) 対象者本人の同意により、軍務に服務中に発生した負傷や病気を治療するため入院するか、あるいは内科的外科的治療を受ける場合

(2) for the purpose of requiring the member to compensate for any time lost to training for any cause.
(2) または、いかなる理由であれ対象者が軍事訓練を一時中断して、その中断期間を埋め合わせるため訓練期間を延長する場合。

(c) Early Termination- The period of national service for a person under this Act shall be terminated before the end of such period under the following circumstances:
(c) （国家安全保障義務の）早期終了−本法規定の国家安全保障義務に服する期間は、下記状況においては短縮されることがある

(1) The voluntary enlistment and active service of the person in an active or reserve component of the uniformed services for a period of at least two years, in which case the period of basic military training and education actually served by the person shall be counted toward the term of enlistment.
(1) 対象者が軍に志願した上で、最低2年間正規軍か予備役いずれかの軍務に服すること。この場合、基礎的軍事訓練や教育に費やされた期間は、上記期間に算入されるものとする。

(2) The admission and service of the person as a cadet or midshipman at the United States Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, the Coast Guard Academy, or the United States Merchant Marine Academy.
(2) 対象者が米国陸軍士官学校、米国海軍士官学校、米国空軍士官学校、米国沿岸警備隊アカデミー、または合衆国商船大学に士官候補生か海軍少尉候補生として入学して、軍務に服する場合。

(3) The enrollment and service of the person in an officer candidate program, if the person has signed an agreement to accept a Reserve commission in the appropriate service with an obligation to serve on active duty if such a commission is offered upon completion of the program.
(3) 対象者が士官候補生プログラムに登録して、プログラム終了後正規の軍務に就く対価として、一定額を受け取る契約に署名している場合。

(4) Such other grounds as the President may establish.
（4）その他大統領指定の例外規定

SEC. 4. IMPLEMENTATION BY THE PRESIDENT.
第4章：大統領による指定事項

(a) In General- The President shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out this Act.
(a) 原則として、大統領は本法を実行するのに必要な規則を定めるものとする。

(b) Matter to Be Covered by Regulations- Such regulations shall include specification of the following:
(b) 上記規則により規定される事項−下記記載の事項を含む

(1) The types of civilian service that may be performed for a person's national service obligation under this Act.
(1) 本法規定の民間業務に従事する者がおこなうであろう任務

(2) Standards for satisfactory performance of civilian service and of penalties for failure to perform civilian service satisfactorily.
(2) 民間での国家安全保障義務遂行に必要な基準、ならびに必要な基準を満たすことができなかった場合の懲罰。

(3) The manner in which persons shall be selected for induction under this Act, including the manner in which those selected will be notified of such selection.
(3) 本法規定により徴兵される者を決定する方法。徴兵該当者への通知方法をも含む。

(4) All other administrative matters in connection with the induction of persons under this Act and the registration, examination, and classification of such persons.
(4) 本法規定により実施されるすべての徴兵事務ならびに被徴兵者の登録、試験、分類。

(5) A means to determine questions or claims with respect to inclusion for, or exemption or deferment from induction under this Act, including questions of conscientious objection.
(5) 徴兵、または良心的兵役拒否の申し立てを含む本法規定による徴兵対象外や猶予に関する異議申し立てや要求に対処する手段。

(6) Standards for compensation and benefits for persons performing their national service obligation under this Act through civilian service.
(6) 本法規定により国家安全保障義務に服する者への補償ならびに報酬。

(7) Such other matters as the President determines necessary to carry out this Act.
(7) その他本法を実行するのに大統領が必要と認める事項。

(c)Use of Prior Act- To the extent determined appropriate by the President, the President may use for purposes of this Act the procedures provided in the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.), including procedures for registration, selection, and induction.
(c)他法令の適用−大統領は本法を遂行する目的で軍選抜徴兵法 (50 U.S.C. App. 451 et seq.)で規定されている登録、選抜、徴兵手続を使用することがある。

SEC. 5. INDUCTION.
第5章：徴兵
(a) In General- Every person subject to induction for national service under this Act, except those whose training is deferred or postponed in accordance with this Act, shall be called and inducted by the President for such service at the time and place specified by the President.
(a) 原則−本法規定により軍事訓練を猶予、延期されている者以外の、徴兵の対象となるすべての者は、大統領指定の日時場所に徴集されるものとする。

(b) Age Limits- A person may be inducted under this Act only if the person has attained the age of 18 and has not attained the age of 42.
(b) 年齢制限−本法規定の徴兵対象となる人の年齢は、18歳以上、42歳以下とする。

(c) Voluntary Induction- A person subject to induction under this Act may volunteer for induction at a time other than the time at which the person is otherwise called for induction.
(c) 自発的志願−本法規定の徴兵対象となる人は、自発的に志願することもできる

(d) Examination; Classification- Every person subject to induction under this Act shall, before induction, be physically and mentally examined and shall be classified as to fitness to perform national service. The President may apply different classification standards for fitness for military service and fitness for civilian service.
(d) 身体検査; 分類−本法規定の徴兵対象となるすべての人は、徴兵前に身体精神検査を受け、国家安全保障義務への適性に応じて分類されるものとする。大統領は、上記以外の軍務・民間業務への適性基準を導入することもある。

SEC. 6. DEFERMENTS AND POSTPONEMENTS.
第6章：徴兵猶予、延期

(a) High School Students- A person who is pursuing a standard course of study, on a full-time basis, in a secondary school or similar institution of learning shall be entitled to have induction under this Act postponed until the person--
(a) 高校の生徒−全日制高校またはそれに準ずる教育機関で提供される正規カリキュラムに従って学業を修めている学生は、以下の要件（のいずれか）を満たすまでは徴兵を猶予されるものとする。

(1) obtains a high school diploma;
(2) ceases to pursue satisfactorily such course of study; or
(3) attains the age of 20.
(1) 高校の卒業証書を得る;
(2) 上記教育機関で提供されるカリキュラムを放棄する または
(3) 対象者が20歳に達する。

(b) Hardship and Disability- Deferments from national service under this Act may be made for--
(1) extreme hardship; or
(2) physical or mental disability.
(b) 国家安全保障義務への服務が困難な場合ならびに障害を有する場合−対象者が以下に該当する場合、本法に基づく徴兵を猶予する可能性がある
(1) 服務が著しく困難な場合 または
(2) 身体上またな精神上の障害。

(c) Training Capacity- The President may postpone or suspend the induction of persons for military service under this Act as necessary to limit the number of persons receiving basic military training and education to the maximum number that can be adequately trained.
(c) 訓練施設の制約（による徴兵猶予、延期）−大統領は、すべての応召者が適切な基礎的軍事訓練ならびに教育を受けられるようにするため、必要に応じて本法に基づく徴兵を延期ならびに猶予することができる。

(d) Termination- No deferment or postponement of induction under this Act shall continue after the cause of such deferment or postponement ceases.
(d) 徴兵猶予、延期の終了−本法に基づく徴兵の延期ならびに猶予は、その原因となった事象の終了後にまで延長されることはない。

SEC. 7. INDUCTION EXEMPTIONS.
第7章：本法による徴兵対象にならない者

(a) Qualifications- No person may be inducted for military service under this Act unless the person is acceptable to the Secretary concerned for training and meets the same health and physical qualifications applicable under section 505 of title 10, United States Code, to persons seeking original enlistment in a regular component of the Armed Forces.
(a) 徴兵不適格−国防長官が軍事訓練に耐えられないと判定した者、または合衆国法典505条第10段落で規定されている健康的肉体的水準に満たない者、軍に志願入隊しようとする者は、本法規定の徴兵対象者には含まれないものとする。

(b) Other Military Service- No person shall be liable for induction under this Act who--
(b)すでに軍務に従事している場合−以下にあてはまる者は、本法規定の徴兵義務を免除される。

(1) is serving, or has served honorably for at least six months, in any component of the uniformed services on active duty; or
(1)正規軍に最低6ヶ月勤務したことがあるか、現在勤務中の者

(2) is or becomes a cadet or midshipman at the United States Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, the Coast Guard Academy, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, a midshipman of a Navy accredited State maritime academy, a member of the Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps, or the naval aviation college program, so long as that person satisfactorily continues in and completes at least two years training therein.
(2)米国陸軍士官学校、米国海軍士官学校、米国空軍士官学校、米国沿岸警備隊アカデミー、または合衆国商船大学、海軍公認の州立商船大学に士官候補生か海軍少尉候補生として入学するか、予備役高級将校が主宰する軍事訓練キャンプもしくは海軍航空大学課程に参加して、満足な成績を収めた上で、少なくとも2年間の軍事訓練を修めている場合。

SEC. 8. CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION.
第8章：良心的兵役拒否
(a) Claims as Conscientious Objector- Nothing in this Act shall be construed to require a person to be subject to combatant training and service in the uniformed services, if that person, by reason of sincerely held moral, ethical, or religious beliefs, is conscientiously opposed to participation in war in any form.
(a) 良心的兵役拒否の申し立て−もし徴兵対象者が、真摯な道義上、民族上あるいは宗教上の信条により、一貫してあらゆる形での戦争参加を拒否している場合は、本法のいかなる条文もその者の軍事訓練や軍務への参加を強要するとは解されない。

(b) Alternative Noncombatant or Civilian Service- A person who claims exemption from combatant training and service under subsection (a) and whose claim is sustained by the local board shall--
(b) 代替的非戦闘部署または民間業務−(a)の規定により軍事訓練や軍務の免除を申し立て、その申し立てが所轄の地方委員会によって認められた場合、

(1) be assigned to noncombatant service (as defined by the President), if the person is inducted into the uniformed services; or
(1) 対象者が徴兵されている場合は、（大統領により定義された）非戦闘部署に配属される。

(2) be ordered by the local board, if found to be conscientiously opposed to participation in such noncombatant service, to perform national civilian service for the period specified in section 3(a) and subject to such regulations as the President may prescribe.
(2) または対象者が一貫して非戦闘部署への配属を拒否している場合は、対象者は管轄地方委員会の命ずる所により、本法3(a) で指定された期間、大統領が規定する諸規則に従うことを条件として、連邦政府指定の民間業務に従事するものとする。

SEC. 9. DISCHARGE FOLLOWING NATIONAL SERVICE.
第9章： 国家安全保障義務の解除

(a) Discharge- Upon completion or termination of the obligation to perform national service under this Act, a person shall be discharged from the uniformed services or from civilian service, as the case may be, and shall not be subject to any further service under this Act.
(a) 国家安全保障義務の解除−本法規定により国家安全保障義務に服する者がその義務を全うするか（他の事由により）終了する時は、その者は軍務もしくは民間業務を解かれ、その後は状況が許す限り原則として本法規定による国家安全保障義務の服務対象とはならないものとする。

(b) Coordination With Other Authorities- Nothing in this section shall limit or prohibit the call to active service in the uniformed services of any person who is a member of a regular or reserve component of the uniformed services.
(b) 関連当局との調整-−本法のいかなる規定も、正規軍もしくは予備役として軍に在籍する者が、召集令状により軍務に服することを制限する、もしくは禁止するものではない。

（以下略）

SEC. 10. REGISTRATION OF FEMALES UNDER THE MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT.
(a) Registration Required- Section 3(a) of the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. 453(a)) is amended--
(1) by striking `male' both places it appears;
(2) by inserting `or herself' after `himself'; and
(3) by striking `he' and inserting `the person'.
(b) Conforming Amendment- Section 16(a) of the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 466(a)) is amended by striking `men' and inserting `persons'.

SEC. 11. RELATION OF ACT TO REGISTRATION AND INDUCTION AUTHORITY OF MILITARY SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT.
(a) Registration- Section 4 of the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 454) is amended by inserting after subsection (g) the following new subsection:
`(h) This section does not apply with respect to the induction of persons into the Armed Forces pursuant to the Universal National Service Act of 2006.'.
(b) Induction- Section 17(c) of the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 467(c)) is amended by striking `now or hereafter' and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting `inducted pursuant to the Universal National Service Act of 2006.'.

SEC. 12. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) The term `military service' means service performed as a member of an active or reserve component of the uniformed services.
(2) The term `Secretary concerned' means the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard, the Secretary of Commerce, with respect to matters concerning the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, with respect to matters concerning the Public Health Service.
(3) The term `United States', when used in a geographical sense, means the several States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam.
(4) The term `uniformed services' means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and commissioned corps of the Public Health Service.
[Copyright US Congress 2006]

---------------------------------------
ランゲル下院議員による法案趣旨説明
http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ny15_range/CBRStatementDraft01112007.html

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
January 11, 2007

CONGRESSMAN RANGEL INTRODUCES NEW BILL TO REINSTATE THE MILITARY DRAFT
Legislation Would Require National Service for All U.S. Residents, Including Mandatory Military Service for Some During Wartime

WASHINGTON - I have reintroduced my bill to reinstate the draft, not because I support the war in Iraq or the President's plan to escalate the conflict. The reason is my belief that if Americans are to be placed in harm's way, all of us, from every income group and position in society, must share the burden of war.
That has not been the case so far. The overwhelming majority of our troops fighting in Iraq are young men and women who have chosen to enlist because military service is an economic opportunity. They are motivated by enlistment bonuses up to $40,000 and additional thousands in scholarships to attend college. They are from urban and rural communities where there is high unemployment and few opportunities to pursue the American Dream. My colleague, Congressman Ike Skelton, has confirmed that fact while pointing out the patriotism of these young men and women, and I agree with him.
It is time that all Americans--including the wealthy--be given the opportunity to prove their patriotism as well, by saluting when the flag goes up and defending their country in wartime. A military draft would ensure that.
My bill requires that, during wartime, all legal residents of the U.S. between the ages of 18 and 42 would be subject to a military draft, with the number determined by the President. No deferments would be allowed beyond the completion of high school, up to age 20, except for conscientious objectors or those with health problems. A permanent provision of the bill mandates that those not needed by the military be required to perform two years of civilian service in our sea and airports, schools, hospitals, and other facilities.
I don't see how anyone who supports the War in Iraq would not support reinstatement of the draft.
The President announced last night his intention to send an additional 21,000 U.S. troops to Iraq. The military is at the breaking point with more than 50 percent of our combat troops already deployed in Iraq. The question is: where will the additional troops--including those that may follow if the war is escalated further--come from?
The 21,000 soldiers that the President was talking about will not be fresh troops. Many of them are already on the ground in Iraq and will have their deployments extended. Almost 250,000 of the troops currently deployed in Iraq have served more than one tour, and some have been deployed as many as six times.
Since the start of the war, more than 14,000 discharged army veterans--members of the Individual Ready Reserve--have been called back from their jobs and families to serve in Iraq. Thousands have had their tours extended under so-called stop-loss orders.
The forced, repeated deployments of nominally volunteer troops not only violates the spirit of the contract with these soldiers, it is a cruel and unfair erosion of the principle of shared sacrifice which has been totally absent in the prosecution of this war.
Last night President Bush warned the nation that we are in for further sacrifices in Iraq. But the truth is, the sacrifice is being borne exclusively by the 1 million-plus troops who have served, and their families. Three thousand have made the ultimate sacrifice and 22,000 have been wounded and maimed.
The rest of us have not been called upon to make any sacrifice at all. It is the first time in an American war in which the populace has not even been asked to bear the burden of the war's cost. Fighting this war with borrowed money, we are leaving our children and their children to pick up the check that as of now is roughly $500 billion,
and counting.
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