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★阿修羅♪
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現在地 HOME > 戦争66 > 979.html
★阿修羅♪
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(回答先: 国連「ダルフールでジェノサイドは無かったが人類に対する罪はあった（！）」（エル・ムンド） 投稿者 バルセロナより愛を込めて 日時 2005 年 2 月 01 日 22:16:42)
日本では「組織的殺害があった」、イギリスでは「ジェノサイドは無い」という見出し。
【ニューヨーク３１日共同】スーダン西部ダルフール地方の紛争を調べていた国連の調査委員会は１月３１日、同国政府とアラブ系民兵が黒人住民を組織的に殺害し続けているとの報告書を提出した。
アナン国連事務総長も３０日、「大規模な人権侵害が行われている」として安全保障理事会にスーダン政府への制裁検討を要請。制裁に積極的な米国や英国、消極的な中国などとの間で意見対立が続いてきた安保理は重大な決断を迫られる。
報告書は、米国などが主張する「ジェノサイド（民族大量虐殺）」について、スーダン政府が政策として推し進めているとは結論付けなかったが、「人道に対する犯罪、戦争犯罪がジェノサイドに勝るとも劣らないほど深刻かつ凶悪に行われている可能性がある」と指摘した。
31 January 2005
A special United Nations commission has decided that two years of violence in the western Sudan region of Darfur was not genocide but "crimes against humanity with ethnic dimensions", according to leaks of the report in the US.
The commission, led by the Italian judge Antonio Cassese, documents breaches of international human rights law and other war crimes, and names individuals who may have acted with "genocidal intent". But it failed to find evidence that the government in Khartoum, widely accused of backing the militias, had a specific policy of exterminating a particular ethnic group, the Los Angeles Times reported.
The report is to be made public this week, after it goes to the Security Council. But it could set off a new dispute between the US and its key allies. In September, the State Department said the murder of tens of thousands of people in Darfur, and the forced uprooting of 1.8 million more, did constitute genocide. It spoke of a pattern of targeted violence, co-ordinated by the government and committed by state-backed militias.
Even more problematic however than semantics could be the report's leaked recommendation that war crimes and human rights violations should be referred to the International Criminal Court (ICC), an institution backed by Europe and most African countries, but strenuously opposed by the US.
As a result, the Bush administration is caught in a tug-of-war, between its desire to punish those responsible for what it has declared a genocide, and its dislike of the ICC, which it believes will turn into a vehicle for anti-Americanism, and politically motivated prosecutions of US troops and officials.
Instead, Washington has proposed a special court, akin to the war crimes tribunal that prosecuted the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. But Europe, Africa and Russia and China, which opposed sanctions on the Sudanese government, have indicated they favour the ICC.
Kenneth Roth, the executive director of Human Rights Watch, said Darfur represented a "watershed moment" for the new international court. But there are concerns about whether Britain will temper its support for the ICC.
Yesterday Kofi Annan, the UN secretary general, insisted that despite the reluctance of Russia and China, the Security Council should still consider sanctions against Sudan. "Serious violations of international humanitarian law, and gross violations of human rights have taken place," Mr Annan told reporters during an African Union summit in Nigeria. "Action will have to be taken. The council had considered sanctions and had not been able to move forward because of some divisions, but I believe sanctions should still be on the table."
This month, a peace agreement was signed in the 21- year-old civil war between north and south in Sudan but African Union ceasefire monitors said 100 people were killed by bombs dropped by Sudanese government aircraft in southern Darfur only last Wednesday.
Lord Alton of Liverpool, who visited Darfur last October, said: "The long-awaited UN commission on events in Darfur has, in effect, given the government of Sudan permission to continue killing its black African population with impunity."
31 January 2005 12:46
A UN report has said Sudan's government and its militia systematically abused civilians in Darfur - but it stopped short of calling the violence genocide.
It said those responsible should be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague.
Where genocide is found to have taken place, signatories to a UN convention are legally obliged to act to end it.
The report also said rebel forces in Sudan's western region had committed serious human rights violations.
More than 70,000 people have been killed and two million forced to flee their homes in Darfur since February 2003.
Khartoum denies arming the pro-Arab Janjaweed militias and blames Darfur's rebel groups for starting the conflict.
'Genocidal intent'
The report was initiated in October by the UN Security Council which had asked Secretary General Kofi Annan to set up a commission to investigate alleged human rights violations in Darfur.
"The commission found that [Sudan's] government forces and militias conducted indiscriminate attacks," the report by the five-member commission said.
It said those included "killing of civilians, enforced disappearances, destruction of villages, rape and other forms of sexual violence, pillaging and forced displacement, throughout Darfur".
The commission concluded that the Sudanese government "has not pursued a policy of genocide", but added that the crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in Darfur might be no less serious.
It said some individuals - including government officials - may have committed "acts with genocidal intent". However, it did not name names.
Genocide is defined as intent to destroy a group on national, ethnical, racial or religious grounds.
The commission also found evidence that rebel forces were responsible for serious human rights violations "which may amount to war crimes".
The commission recommended the situation in Darfur should be referred to the ICC, founded to try cases of genocide and war crimes.
However, the US, which has already said genocide took place in Darfur, would rather see a separate tribunal set up, reports the BBC's Susannah Price at the UN headquarters in New York.
Parts of the report were leaked in advance by the Sudanese government.
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