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★阿修羅♪
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ブッシュにブレーキ（エル・ペリオディコ紙社説）：「共謀罪」論議の参考に
カタルーニャの新聞エル・ペリオディコ紙は、米国議会の中で９・１１以後にブッシュ政権がとった「市民の自由の制限」政策と法案に対する幅広い反対があり、ＦＢＩによる書籍の検閲をストップしたことを紹介する記事を掲載し、『ブッシュにブレーキ』と題された社説を出しています。（ただし９・１１を「イスラム・テロ」と認めたうえでの話ですから基本的な説得力に欠けますが。）
これに関連して昨日ですが、ワシントンポスト紙も「愛国法」に対する米国議会内の反発を報道しています。（日本ではどう報道されたのでしょうか。）
まずこの『ブッシュにブレーキ』と題された社説と記事のあらましをご紹介し、ワシントンポストの記事を貼り付けておきます。日本では、『対テロ世界戦争』の当然の帰結としてまたしても「共謀罪」「人権擁護法案」制定が言われているようですが、本家の米国ではボチボチ理性を取り戻した人間が増えてきているようです。（もう一度「理性を失わせるようなこと」が起こるかな？）そしてスペインの、地方紙ではありますが、エル・ペリオディコがこれに対する態度を表明しています。ただし、全国区紙は電子版で見る限りは何も言っていない様子ですが。
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ブッシュにブレーキを
http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=5&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=219940&idseccio_PK=5&h=050617
（エル・ペリオディコ・２００５年６月１７日）
社説：『ブッシュにブレーキ』
米国議員たちは９・１１以来制限されてきた基本的人権を復活させた
自由や私生活などの基本的な人権を妨害することなくテロと戦うことは可能である。この当然のことが米国下院で２３８名の賛成を得た。それは、市民が購入しあるいは図書館で読む書籍をＦＢＩが捜査できる許可の再更新を拒否することでブッシュに対して起こした反乱である。
人権に関して、たとえ緊急の場合でも、最も基本的な大原則に違反するような法律を通すことを念頭に置く必要のないことが期待できる。にもかかわらず米国議会は２００１年、９・１１の１ヵ月半後に、これをやってしまった。大慌てで、実際の議論も無しに「愛国法」を認めたのである。３年後の今日、テロリズムと米国の安全に対する意見は徐々に変化しつつある。しかし未だに１８７名の保守的議員が人々の読書の習慣を詮索する必要性を考えているのだ。いまだに憲法に違反するこの法案の数多くの条項が存在する。そしていまだにグアンタナモと拷問の大恥が存在しているのだ。
【抄訳終り】
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（これは見出しと小見出しの言葉のみを紹介します）
http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=5&idioma=CAS&idnoticia_PK=219918&idseccio_PK=7&h=050617
（エル・ペリオディコ・２００５年６月１７日）
『米国議員たちはブッシュによる自由の制限にブレーキをかける』
下院は市民が読む書籍をコントロールするＦＢＩの権限を停止させた。
共和党のあるグループは大統領に対する不審を示し、９・１１以後に承認された法に反対票を入れた。
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（以下は英文を貼り付けます。）
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/15/AR2005061501953.html?referrer=email&referrer=email
House Votes To Curb Patriot Act
FBI's Power to Seize Library Records Would Be Halted
By Mike Allen
Washington Post Staff Writer
Thursday, June 16, 2005; Page A01
The House handed President Bush the first defeat in his effort to preserve the broad powers of the USA Patriot Act, voting yesterday to curtail the FBI's ability to seize library and bookstore records for terrorism investigations.
Bush has threatened to veto any measure that weakens those powers. The surprise 238 to 187 rebuke to the White House was produced when a handful of conservative Republicans, worried about government intrusion, joined with Democrats who are concerned about personal privacy.
One provision of the Patriot Act makes it possible for the FBI to obtain a wide variety of personal records about a suspected terrorist -- including library transactions -- with an order from a secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, where the government must meet a lower threshold of proof than in criminal courts.
Under the House change, officials would have to get search warrants from a judge or subpoenas from a grand jury to seize records about a suspect's reading habits.
Some libraries have said they are disposing of patrons' records more quickly because of the provision, which opponents view as a license for fishing expeditions.
House Administration Committee Chairman Robert W. Ney (Ohio), one of three House Republicans who opposed the Patriot Act when it was enacted in 2001, voted yesterday to curtail agents' power to seize the records.
"Everybody's against terrorism, but there has to be reason in the way that we fight it," Ney said. "The government doesn't need to be sifting through library records. I talked to my libraries, and they felt very strongly about this."
The Justice Department said in a letter to Congress this week that the provision has been used only 35 times and has never been used to obtain bookstore, library, medical or gun-sale records. It has been used to obtain records of hotel stays, driver's licenses, apartment leases and credit cards, the letter said.
"Bookstores and libraries should not be carved out as safe havens for terrorists and spies, who have, in fact, used public libraries to do research and communicate with their co-conspirators," Assistant Attorney General William E. Moschella said in the letter.
The vote -- on an amendment to limit spending in a huge bill covering appropriations for science as well as the departments of Justice, State and Commerce -- came as Bush is traveling the country to build support for reauthorizing 15 provisions of the Patriot Act that are scheduled to expire at year's end.
House Republican leadership aides said they plan to have the provision removed when a conference committee meets to work out differences between the House and Senate versions of the bill. "The administration has threatened to veto the bill over this extraneous rider, and there are too many important initiatives in the bill for that to happen," said Appropriations Committee spokesman John Scofield.
Last year, the House leadership barely staved off the amendment with a 210 to 210 tie, engineered by holding the vote open to pressure some Republicans to switch their votes.
Democrats contend that the reversal is the first sign of growing wariness about some of the more intrusive elements of the Patriot Act, which was passed just weeks after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The American Civil Liberties Union called the vote a rare victory for civil liberties.
Rep. Jerrold Nadler (D-N.Y.), a leader in the drive to curtail the act's reach, said in an interview that the original measure had passed "in an atmosphere of panic" and that a wide spectrum of lawmakers is beginning to conclude it went too far.
"If some terrorist checks out a book about how to make an atomic bomb, that might be legitimate for the government to know, and they can get a search warrant or a subpoena the way we've done it throughout American history," Nadler said. "Otherwise, what you're reading is none of the government's business."
House Republican leaders are not accustomed to losing, and they did not hide their anger about the result. One aide to a House leader referred to the victorious coalition as "the crazies on the left and the crazies on the right, meeting in the middle."
Justice Department spokesman Kevin Madden issued a statement reiterating the administration's insistence that the provision is vital. The statement said the section "provides national security investigators with an important tool for investigating and intercepting terrorism while at the same time establishing robust safeguards to protect law-abiding Americans."
The amendment was sponsored by Rep. Bernard Sanders (Vt.), a socialist who is the chamber's lone independent. He said the measure, which he originally introduced as the Freedom to Read Protection Act, "simply restores the checks and balances that protect innocent Americans under the Constitution."
House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) called the amendment a "message to the world." Only one voting Democrat, Rep. Dan Boren (Okla.), opposed it.
The measure was supported by 38 Republicans and opposed by 186. Among the Republicans who voted for it were Reps. Jack Kingston (Ga.), Ron Paul (Tex.), C.L. "Butch" Otter (Idaho) and Ray LaHood (Ill.).
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