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(回答先: Gaza Strip & Gaza City 【Encyclopaedia of the Orient】 投稿者 木田貴常 日時 2004 年 10 月 01 日 22:01:32)
Gaza Strip
Arabic: qit・SUP>c ghazza
http://lexicorient.com/e.o/gazastrp.htm
Palestinian territory of about 360 kmｲ, bordered to the south by Egypt
and to the north and east by Israel.
The coastline is 40 km, the border to Egypt (which is in practice cut off
by an Israeli corridor parallel to the border line) is 11 km. The width of
Gaza is at its minimum 6 km and at its maximum 14 km. Annual rainfall seldom
exceeds 400 mm and arable land is a mere 13%, of which much is in the hands
of Israeli settlers. Gaza Strip is mostly flat and large areas are sandy,
often continuing from the beaches which run along the entire coast.
Most of Gaza is governed by the Palestinian National Authority and is
the core territory of the new state, while areas of fertile agricultural
land are administered by Israel. Gaza's borders are still under Israeli
control.
The population is about 750,000, of which 300,000 are indigenous,
the rest refugees. The numbers of Israeli settlers (illegal inhabitants)
are 4,500, all under the protection of the Israeli military. The main city
of the strip is Gaza from which the strip has its name. The majority of
the population are Muslims, while there is a group of Christians as well.
The economy of Gaza Strip is highly dependent on Israel, where many
Gazans find their everyday job. About 35% of Gaza's GNP is from wages
earned in Israel. Israel is also a major trading partner and many Gazan
agricultural products are exported from Israel as Israeli products.
Little has been achieved in recent years to change the economy of Gaza.
HISTORY
The oldest sources on Gaza tell that it was the residence of
the Egyptian governor to Canaan.
13th century BCE: Arrival of the Philistines, making Gaza into
an important coastal city.
7th century CE: The Gaza territory comes under Muslim rule.
1947: By the partition plan of the UN the territory of Gaza is
projected to become part of an independent Arab state.
1948 May: Egyptian forces move up along the Palestinian coastline in
an attempt to reach Tel Aviv. Being pushed back by Jewish forces,
a British ceasefire agreement stops the Jewish troops while the
Egyptians still hold the Gaza territory. Soon after, large groups of
Palestinian refugees are coming in to Gaza.
— During the Egyptian occupation little was done to improve the
conditions on the Gaza Strip and the borders between Egypt and the
occupied strip are virtually closed. The Gazan population does not
receive any citizenship, and large parts of the population survive on UN
relief schemes.
1956: As part of the Suez-Sinai War, Gaza Strip is occupied by Israel,
but Israel leaves as a result of international pressure.
1967 June 5-10: As one of several territories, Gaza is occupied
by Israel during the Six-Day War. This time Israel stays.
1987: Start of the Palestinian Intifada, which makes Palestinian fight
for independence and political and human rights more evident in the media,
as well as forcing the official Israel to face the real situation of the
Palestinians on Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
1993: Signing of the Oslo Agreement, that is intended to secure the
establishment of a Palestinian State.
1994 May 18: Israeli troops leave most of the Gaza Strip, and control is
passed on to the Palestinian National Authority.
— July 1: Arrival of Yassir Arafat in Gaza, where an enthusiastic
crowd meets him.
1995 January 2: 3 Palestinian police officers are shot
by Israeli military, at Bayt Hanun.
1996: January 20: Elections for the Palestinian National Council and
president of the council. Gaza Strip has 37 seats in the 88 seat strong
council. PLO and Yassir Arafat become the great victors of the election.
However, no other candidate receives more votes than the leading Arafat
critic Haidar Abdu sh-Shafi, a citizen of Gaza Strip. Out of Gaza Strip
do also Hamas candidates become elected, even if Hamas in most
constituencies boycots the elections.
— February 26: After a bombs kill 26 people in Israel, Israel
closes the borders to Gaza Strip and the West Bank. This results
economical hardship on the thousands of Gazans who have their daily
work in Israel. While the borders remain closed for a couple of weeks,
Israel starts to enlist workers from East Asia.
2004 May 13: The Israeli army launches a campaign against quarters of
Rafah which they claim has strong resistance activities, and is involved
in arms smuggling. Around 50 people are killed, and Israel is strongly
condemned by the international society.
Gaza
Arabic: ghazza
http://lexicorient.com/e.o/gaza.htm
City in Palestine with 600,000 inhabitants (2003 estimate), situated on
the Mediterranean Sea. The economical base of Gaza are workers living
in the city while working in Israel, though this has been made more
difficult due to new Israeli regulations. Local sources of income are
small industries, crafts, and food processing, as well as fishing. Gaza
is the main city on the Gaza Strip and at present hosts the headquarters
of the Palestine National Authority.
The infrastructure of Gaza is underdeveloped, but there are large
schemes implemented these days to improve the quality of housing and
health services, even if most still has to be realized. The clear majority
of the population of Gaza are Muslim Palestinians.
HISTORY
In ancient times, Gaza was a prosperous Philistine city.
7th century CE: Gaza becomes predominantly Muslim.
Around 1900: The Jewish minority of Gaza abandons the city for other
Palestinian settlements.
1948: Gaza is set under Egyptian occupation, as a result of the First
Palestinian War. The face of Gaza changes as it becomes the host for
Palestinian refugees.
1967: With the Six-Day War, Gaza comes under Israeli occupation.
1994: Gaza becomes the headquarters for the new Palestinian Authority.
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