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★阿修羅♪
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●実験手続きの細かい内容などは全米科学振興協会の『Science』誌に掲載されたとのこと。
(内容の検討は、原論文を読んでみないと何ともコメントできません。)
下記の記者発表を読んだかぎりでは、記憶形成の段取りを応用して意外と簡単に特定記憶の抹消ができる……という印象を受けます。
●これは生理心理学的な、個体（個々の人物）を対象にした記憶操作にも応用できますが、心理戦プロパガンダにこれと類似した原理を用いて「集団的記憶の改変」も可能でしょう。
●CIAのマインドコントロール研究などとどうつながるのか、調べる価値はあるでしょう。
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http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/site/EN/weizman.asp?pi=372&doc_id=3645
Weizmann Institute Scientists Reveal a New Principle that Guides Memory Dynamics
21.08.2003
The Finding May Lead To The Development Of New Treatments For Psychological Trauma
Is it possible to intentionally forget specific memories, without affecting other memories? Many would undoubtedly be happy to learn that unpleasant memories might be erased. This ability could be especially significant when it comes to the kind of traumatic memories that are debilitating to those experiencing them. It may well be that in the future, we will be able to wipe out, or at least dim, certain types of memories with controlled accuracy. A new fundamental rule governing the workings of the brain, recently discovered by a team of scientists in the Weizmann Institute of Science, headed by Prof. Yadin Dudai of the Neurobiology Department, constitutes a step towards reaching this goal.
【概略――他の記憶を消さないで、特定の記憶だけを意図的に忘れることは可能だろうか？ そういうことが可能になれば、不愉快な記憶だけ消せるので都合がいいだろう。心理的外傷となるような記憶の抹消はとくに重要な意味がある。将来は特定の記憶だけを、正確な狙いを付けて抹消したり、それができないまでもボカシをいれるくらいのことが実現しそうだ。ヴァイツマン研究所・神経生物学部のヤディン・ドゥダイ教授率いる研究チームが脳の働きを制御している基本的な仕組みを解明し、記憶抹消技術の実現に一歩近づいた。】
Every memory that we acquire undergoes a 'ripening' process (called consolidation) immediately after it is formed. In this process, it becomes impervious to outside stimulation or drugs that would obliterate it. Until recently, the accepted dogma was that for each separate item of memory, consolidation occurs just once, after which the time window that allows for 'memory erasing' closes (usually about an hour or two after the memory is acquired). However, evidence has lately come to light that a memory is open to disruption for a short period following each time this memory is recalled. If this is true, it means that it would be possible to recall a memory and, immediately after the act of remembering, to activate a 'memory eraser' and wipe it out, even though years may have passed since the original memory was formed.
【概略――記憶は形成された直後に「固定」される。「固定」が完了した記憶は、外部刺激や薬物では抹消できない。これまでは、どんな記憶も一度だけ「固定」が起こり、これが完了すると「記憶抹消」の機会はなくなってしまうと信じられていた。だが最近の研究で、記憶を呼び起こすたびに、その直後の短期間だけ、呼び起こした記憶を破壊できる機会があることがわかってきた。これが事実なら、消したい記憶を呼び起こしたうえで“記憶の消しゴム”を使ってそれを抹消することが可能になる。何年も前の記憶でも、こうした抹消は可能であろう。】
Research into the subject took place in leading labs around the world, but the results were indecisive, as in some cases it was found possible to erase old memories upon recall, while in others no evidence for this was found. Prof. Dudai’s group have now identified a new principle guiding the activity of the brain’s memory systems, which sheds light on how memories are recalled and stabilized, and which can explain the puzzling discrepancies in the findings. This principle delineates the conditions in which the recalled memory becomes re-sensitized to the activity of the 'memory erasers.' In order to understand the rule, think of the bits of information stored in our memories, each with many associations, some of which conflict with others. For instance, a certain food can bring up memories of taste -- delicious or disagreeable, a person can be remembered in pleasant or unpleasant contexts, and so on. When we next taste the food or see the person, all of the associated memories are called up in the blink of an eye, but in the end, only one of those memories will dictate our reaction (e.g. become dominant.) This memory will decide whether we will eat the food or reject it, or whether we will smile at our acquaintance or ignore him. Prof. Dudai’s team found that only that recalled memory that won the competition for dominance was re-exposed to the time window of sensitivity to memory erasers, and it is this memory that must be consolidated once again before being reinstalled in the long- term memory. In other words, the winner, in the appropriate circumstances, may lose all. Put succinctly, one can say the stability of the recalled memory is inversely correlated with its dominance. This discovery is likely to assist in the future in developing new methods of wiping out unwanted memories, and thus of treating some kinds of psychological trauma.
Research that deals with the physical basis of the processes and mechanisms of memory, especially those that involve chemical or other intervention, relies on animal subjects. Prof. Dudai and his team carried out their research with rats and fish, which are especially suited for this type of research. The rats learned to remember flavors; the fish learned to remember flashes of light, and in both instances, the animals were trained to associate them with conflicting memories. That is, the tastes were sometimes good and sometimes bad, and the light sometimes signaled danger and sometimes didn’t. In both species, it was possible to show that the dominant memory -- that which won out over other associated memories and determined subsequent behavior -- was the only one that could be erased by giving the appropriate drug within a few minutes of the memory’s recall. The fact that the closer we get to the 'basic hardware' of memory, the more similarities exist between different animals, including humans, paves the way to the possibility that certain drugs found to be effective in eliminating memories in animals will also work on humans. Studies on humans, however, are yet to be conducted.
The results of the study were published today in the scientific journal Science. Other than Prof. Dudai, participating in the study were research students Mark Eisenberg, Tali Kobilo, and Diego Berman.
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Prof. Yadin Dudai's research is supported by: Abe and Kathryn Selsky Foundation; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurosciences; Lester Crown Brain Research Fund; Abramson Family Brain Research Program; Carl and Michaela Einhorn-Dominic Brain Research Institute; and Murray H. & Meyer Grodetsky Center for Research of Higher Brain Functions.
Prof. Dudai holds the Sara and Michael Sela Professorial Chair of Neurobiology.
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The Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel is one of the world's top-ranking multidisciplinary research institutions. Noted for its wide- ranging exploration of the natural and exact sciences, the Institute is home to 2,500 scientists, students, technicians and supporting staff. Institute research efforts include the search for new ways of fighting disease and hunger, examining leading questions in mathematics and computer science, probing the physics of matter and the universe, creating novel materials and developing new strategies for protecting the environment.
Weizmann Institute news releases are posted on the World Wide Web at
http://www.weizmann.ac.il, and are also available at http://www.eurekalert.org.
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http://www.eurekalert.org.に掲載された、上記の同じ内容のプレスリリース
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-08/wi-npg082003.php
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