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★阿修羅♪
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(回答先: 日本は、GDPで第「3」位だった。 投稿者 エリヤ 日時 2003 年 8 月 15 日 01:34:58)
このデータは購買力平価（purchasing power parity (PPP)）に基づく計算値です。
購買力平価による計算値ですと、かなり前（記憶では数年前）から中国のＧＤＰが世界第二位でした。
公式為替レートに従って計算すると、中国のＧＤＰはこの何分の一かまで低下します。
公式為替レート： １yuan（元） per US dollar - 8.277 (2002), 8.2771 (2001), 8.2785 (2000), 8.2783 (1999), 8.279 (1998)
奇怪なことに、元の対米ドルレートは、１９９０年代の始めから中頃まで低下し続け、その後は米ドルに、元が安いレートで固定されています（ドルペッグ制）。
公式レートが購買力平価による計算レートの何分の一かにとどまっているのは、原則として発展途上国（developing country)です。
中国の為替レートは「発展途上国的」なわけです。
ところが経済規模は世界第二位です。
恐ろしい歪みがたまっているように感じています。
参考までにＧＤＰの算出方法の英文をＣＩＡホームページからコピーしました。
（In the Economy section, GDP dollar estimates for all countries are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations rather than from conversions at official currency exchange rates. The PPP method involves the use of standardized international dollar price weights, which are applied to the quantities of final goods and services produced in a given economy. The data derived from the PPP method provide the best available starting point for comparisons of economic strength and well-being between countries. The division of a GDP estimate in domestic currency by the corresponding PPP estimate in dollars gives the PPP conversion rate. Whereas PPP estimates for OECD countries are quite reliable, PPP estimates for developing countries are often rough approximations. Most of the GDP estimates are based on extrapolation of PPP numbers published by the UN International Comparison Program (UNICP) and by Professors Robert Summers and Alan Heston of the University of Pennsylvania and their colleagues. In contrast, the currency exchange rate method involves a variety of international and domestic financial forces that often have little relation to domestic output. In developing countries with weak currencies the exchange rate estimate of GDP in dollars is typically one-fourth to one-half the PPP estimate. Furthermore, exchange rates may suddenly go up or down by 10% or more because of market forces or official fiat whereas real output has remained unchanged. On 12 January 1994, for example, the 14 countries of the African Financial Community (whose currencies are tied to the French franc) devalued their currencies by 50%. This move, of course, did not cut the real output of these countries by half. One important caution: the proportion of, say, defense expenditures as a percentage of GDP in local currency accounts may differ substantially from the proportion when GDP accounts are expressed in PPP terms, as, for example, when an observer tries to estimate the dollar level of Russian or Japanese military expenditures. Note: the numbers for GDP and other economic data can not be chained together from successive volumes of the Factbook because of changes in the US dollar measuring rod, revisions of data by statistical agencies, use of new or different sources of information, and changes in national statistical methods and practices.Exchange rates:
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