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★阿修羅♪
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●アメリカ国防総省の研究開発センターである国防先進研究事業局（DARPA）が、来年２月末に、ロサンジェルスからラスヴェガスまでの（オフロード車でなければ走破できないような）苛酷な行程300マイルを、完全自動走行の車両で走破させてスピードを競わせるという自動車レースを行なうと発表しました。
●もちろんこれは酔狂で行なうのでなく、戦場で使える全自動自走車両の開発競争に拍車をかけるのが目的。アニメの「チキチキマシン猛レース」を連想してしまいますが、実際に企てているのは「鬼畜マシン猛レース」なのでした。
●こういうイベントがあると“黄色いバナナ”の皆さんが腕まくりなどして、「よーし日本の■■■（←―ここに会社名や学校名が入る）もがんばっちゃうぞ〜！」と、まがまがしい目的などお構いなしに参加したりするのですが、あいにく……というか、幸いというか、さすがにDARPAの荒っぽい“一般参加イベント”だけあって、信頼の置けない“エイリアン”は閉め出すようですね。……のぞむらくは、こういうキナ臭い催し物を、日本の馬鹿メディアが羨望のこもった卑屈な態度で「絶賛」してほしくないですな。
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DARPA Grand Challenge の専用サイト
●グランドチャレンジ目次；http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/index.htm
この威勢のいいポスターを見よ！
チキチキマシン猛レースを連想してしまいます。（苦笑
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●イベントの趣旨 http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/overview.htm
DARPA intends to conduct a race of autonomous ground vehicles from the vicinity of Los Angeles to Las Vegas in 2004. A cash prize will be awarded to the winner. The purpose of the race is to encourage the accelerated development of autonomous vehicle technologies that could be applied to military requirements. Many of the details of the race are being developed. New details will be posted to this web site as soon as possible.
【DARPAは2004年にロサンジェルス近郊からラスヴェガスまでの全自動走行車両によるレースを行ないます。勝者には賞金を贈与します。このレースの目的は軍事利用できる全自動走行車両の技術開発を加速することです。レースの詳細は現在策定中ですが、詳細が決まり次第、このウェブサイトに掲載します。】
（Last updated January 31, 2003）
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●競技のルール：http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/rules.htm
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Administrative Details
【1】 Overview and Objective（レースの目的と概略）
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) intends to conduct a race of autonomous ground vehicles (see “Technical Details” for a definition) from the vicinity of Los Angeles, CA to Las Vegas, NV in 2004. A cash prize will be awarded to the winner. The course will feature both on-road and off-road portions and will include extremely rugged, challenging terrain and obstacles. The purpose of the race is to stimulate interest in and encourage the accelerated development of autonomous ground vehicle technologies that could be used by the US military.
This document contains a detailed description of the race and is meant to help potential contestants decide whether to participate and, if so, what kind of race vehicle to develop. A more detailed set of rules and race description will be released on February 22, 2003. The official rules, updates, and application instructions will be made available on the DARPA Grand Challenge website: http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge.
【2】 Awards and Recognition（賞金は100万ドル）
A $1,000,000 cash prize will be awarded to the eligible team fielding the vehicle that successfully completes the course with an elapsed time that is shorter than the elapsed time of all other race vehicles and is within a pre-set maximum time limit. The winning team will be officially recognized at the next DARPATech, a technical conference hosted by DARPA. The winning team will be invited to display the winning vehicle and present a paper detailing their design.
There will be no prizes for anything other than first place. If no vehicle completes the course within the time limit, no prize will be awarded.
【3】 Competition Date（実施日は来年２月28日）
The race will be held on February 28, 2004.
【4】 Eligibility（参加資格は米国人にかぎる）
The race is open to US entities. This includes US corporations, US non-profit organizations, US universities, sole proprietors that are US citizens or permanent residents, and partnerships of US citizens or permanent residents. US teams may have individual members who are foreign.
【5】 Application（応募要項）
An application will be due prior to the race. An application form will be made available on February 22, 2003. Applications must be received at DARPA on or before October 13, 2003. Once the application is received, contact information for the team will be made available to potential sponsors.
A technical paper describing the proposed design of the team will also be due on or before October 13, 2003. A description of the requirements for this paper will be provided on February 22, 2003. This paper will be reviewed by a judging panel to ensure that the design can meet safety and eligibility requirements. The panel will also judge the technical competence of the design and may reject incomplete or ineffectual proposals. The criteria to be used for this preliminary qualification will be provided on February 22, 2003. Papers that have been rejected for any reason may be modified and re-submitted up until the October 13, 2003 deadline. After the race, these papers will be released to the public as part of the proceedings of the event.
【6】 Judging（判定方法）
The specific rules of the competition are intended to be broad and allow the greatest possible technical innovation. A team of judges will determine compliance with all rules. In interpreting the rules of the competition, the judges will be guided by the principles outlined in this document. The judges will consist of DARPA government personnel as well as contractors appointed by DARPA. The DARPA personnel will have final decision authority on all topics; there will be no appeals.
Official times and measures will be determined by the judges.
An official technical inspection and safety review will be made by the judges for each entry several days prior to the race and will include full demonstration of the safety features, verification of required and acceptable hardware, and a review of the safety plans for all energy radiators (lasers, radars, etc.) or potentially hazardous equipment. Items deemed to have a negative impact on the environment or infrastructure will be brought to the attention of the team for remediation.
A “Frequently Asked Questions” page can be found on the DARPA Grand Challenge website. This provides an official interpretation of many of the rules in order to assist contestants. However, the judges will be the final authority in the interpretation of all rules.
The organizer of the competition, DARPA, reserve the exclusive right to revise the schedule of the race and to change or provide interpretation of the rules at any time and in any manner, which, in their sole judgment, is required for efficient operation or safety of the competition.
【7】 Liability（身元保証）
Teams will be required to sign an application form prior to race. The Application Form will contain an Indemnification Agreement that will need to be executed by the lead participant or an individual from the team's sponsoring institution who has authority to bind the institution for which he or she signs.
Additionally, the team's sponsoring institution will also be required to supply a Certificate of Insurance at the time the Application Form is submitted. The certificate is to show commercial general liability coverage of at least $1 million.
【8】 Funding and Sponsorship（DARPAおよび政府機関は競争車開発の支援はしない）
The cost of developing, fielding, and insuring the vehicles is the sole responsibility of the teams. DARPA will not provide funding for the purpose of developing or racing a vehicle for this competition. U.S. federal government agencies may not field a team and no government owned equipment can be used by a team during the competition.
Teams are allowed to obtain sponsorship and display advertising so long as such advertisements are not considered offensive by the judges.
Technical Details
【9】 Vehicles（参加車両は完全無人で無線操縦なしの自動運転車両）
Vehicles must be unmanned (no humans or other biological entities onboard) and autonomous. They must not be remotely driven.
Only single independent, untethered ground vehicles are eligible. No sub-vehicles will be allowed. All computing and intelligence must be contained onboard. Apart from the emergency stop feature (see Safety), automatic communication with autonomous equipment at the checkpoints (see Checkpoints) and GPS signals, no external communication is allowed.
There is no size, weight, or propulsion limit on the ground vehicle; the nature of the course will dictate practical limits.
The entry must be a ground vehicle. That is, it must remain in contact with the ground at all times except for short duration jumps of less than 5 seconds.
The vehicles must not damage the environment or infrastructure.
No classified data or devices can be used by a team during or in preparation for this race.
【10】 Course（行程はロサンジェルスからラスヴェガスまでの約３００マイル）
The course will consist of on-road and off-road sections over a range of approximately 300 miles between Los Angeles, CA and Las Vegas, NV. Terrain may consist of various road surfaces ranging from wet or dry pavement, sand, soil, or rock. The course will be capable of traversal by a commercial vehicle such as a pick-up truck.
The course will be cleared of non-competing motor vehicles. Obedience to traffic signs, signals, conventions, and rules is not required. However, it may be necessary to impose a speed limit on portions of the course.
The course will be defined by a series of waypoints, checkpoint(s), and boundaries.
●Waypoints
Waypoints are two-dimensional locations (latitude, longitude) that collectively define the course. Contestants will also be given a maximum time to reach each waypoint. Vehicles that do not reach a waypoint in the maximum allotted time will be disqualified and must be removed from the course. Note that the maximum time given to contestants to reach each waypoint will be greater than the time corresponding to the pace required to win the cash prize. The location of the waypoints will be provided two hours before the race in a format that will be described well in the official rules of the race.
●Checkpoint(s)
A checkpoint is a required safety stop at a pre-defined location on the course. The chase vehicle occupants can be rotated or refreshed with no time penalty against the autonomous vehicle. The elapsed time for each vehicle will stop during the mandatory portion of a stop. In addition, an entry may be serviced autonomously (for example, refueled or cleaned). Any required autonomous servicing equipment must be placed at the checkpoint prior to the start of the race. The location of the checkpoint(s) will be provided well in advance of the race.
●Boundaries
Vehicles going outside of the course boundaries will be disqualified. Boundaries will be provided as an offset from segments connecting adjacent waypoints.
【11】 Safety（事前に安全審査あり）
All aspects of the vehicle must be deemed safe by a panel of judges. A safety review will be performed based on the initial application and paper, with feedback being provided to each team. A final safety determination will be made during a preliminary technical inspection session to be conducted several days prior to the race.
Each vehicle must be equipped with both an easily accessible manual and a wireless (RF) remote emergency (E-Stop) capability. Activating the E-Stop must rapidly bring the vehicle to a complete halt. The manual E-Stop must be easy to identify and activate safely, even if the vehicle is moving. The wireless E-Stop must maintain a link with the vehicle and have a dead man feature, so that loss of communications with the vehicle activates the E- Stop. Upon reestablishment of communication, the vehicle shall be able to restart itself and autonomously continue with the race. A demonstration of the E-stop capability will be required as part of the preliminary technical inspection.
At least one manned chase vehicle will be required for each fully autonomous entry. The chase vehicle will contain a driver, a team member, and a judge. The E-Stop control must be remotely operated from this chase vehicle. The chase vehicle must maintain line of sight with the autonomous entry at all times. The chase vehicle will have the ability to communicate with race officials over the entire course. Chase vehicles will have onboard equipment for the safety of its occupants including safety restraints, fire suppressants, and first aid materials.
The judge or team member may direct a mandatory E-stop by the vehicle for safety reasons. After the safety issue is resolved, the race vehicle may continue with the race and the time of the stop will not count towards the elapsed time of the vehicle. If an E- stop is activated due to lack of line-of-site or lack of positive communication between the race and chase vehicles, the race vehicle may continue with the competition, however the time of the stop will count towards the elapsed time of the vehicle. If the E- stop is activated by a team member to stop or prevent an unwanted action by the race vehicle, breaking the rule for autonomy, the vehicle will be disqualified from winning the race. The vehicle may continue on with the course as long it can reach the waypoints in the allotted time, but the team will not be eligible for the cash prize. If, in the opinion of the judge, the team directed E-stop was used to prevent an un-safe condition that was not the fault of the race vehicle, the team will not be disqualified and the time of the stop will not count towards the elapsed time of the vehicle.
【12】 Competition（競技中に他車の妨害は失格）
The goal of this competition is for the race vehicle to complete the course as fast as possible. Interfering with other race vehicles will not be allowed. The following will result in the disqualification of a contestant:
Intentionally interfering with competing Race or Chase vehicles
Intentionally interfering with competing operators
Intentionally interfering, spoofing, jamming, or disturbing communications used by competitors or the race organizers
Intentionally altering the terrain with the purpose of making it more difficult for competitors
【13】 Refueling and Repairs（チェックポイントで燃料補給や修理は可）
Autonomous refueling and repairs will be allowed at a checkpoint. That is, equipment for refurbishing the race vehicle must be set- up at the check point prior to the start of the race. Other than the E-Stop, no human (or other biological entity) may send commands to or otherwise control the equipment once the race begins.
【14】 Navigation（GPSやダウンロード・データによるナヴィゲイションは可）
Only commercially available data (maps, images, other cartographic products) may be downloaded to the autonomous or chase vehicles prior to the race. Use of GPS is acceptable.
【15】 Weather（悪天候でも実施）
The race will not be postponed due to weather.
（Last updated January 31, 2003）
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●日程：http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/schedule.htm
Feb 22, 2003：Grand Challenge Competitors’ Conference
Apr 01, 2003：Application Period Opens
Oct 13, 2003：Application Period Closes
Spring, 2004：Grand Challenge Race
（Updated Feb 6, 2003）
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●代表的なQ&A：http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/faq.htm
（Last updated January 31, 2003）
This “Frequently Asked Questions” page contains an official interpretation of many of the rules in order to assist contestants. The judges will be the final authority in the interpretation of all rules.
■Q1. How big/small can my vehicle be?
A1. There are no rules on the size of the vehicle. However, the relatively long distance of this race might make a very small vehicle impractical. The race will be partially on roads, and an extremely large vehicle may be impractical.
■Q2. How long is the course?
A2. The exact course has not been determined.
■Q3. Is the course primarily on-road or off-road?
A3. The course will have a significant portion of both.
■Q4. How hard will it be? What type of obstacles will be encountered?
A4. The course will be similar to a desert off-road race. For example, it will be possible for a skilled driver in a vehicle such as a standard size pickup truck to traverse the course, although not necessarily at race speed.
■Q5. Can my vehicle attack other vehicles?
A5. A team will be disqualified if, in the opinion of a judge, their race or chase vehicle intentionally attacks, crashes, or otherwise interferes with another vehicle.
■Q6. What other vehicles will be on the road during the race?
A6. Only race and chase vehicles will be on the course during the race.
■Q7. What is meant by “the vehicles must not damage the environment or infrastructure?”
A7. This will be based on the race official judgment. For example, an extremely heavy vehicle with steel track that destroys road pavement, a vehicle that clears a path by setting everything in its way on fire, or a vehicle that digs large holes, are unacceptable.
■Q8. Will the course be known/available for driving in advance of the race?
A8. The checkpoint(s) will be announced well in advance, giving the contestants an approximate course location. However the waypoints, which will much more precisely define the course, will not be given until 2 hours before the race.
■Q9. How many checkpoints/waypoints will there be?
A9.To be determined. There will be many waypoints, but it is possible that there will be only one checkpoint.
■Q10. How will I be given the waypoint locations?
A10. To be determined. The exact format of the waypoint data will be given to the contestants well in advance of the race.
■Q11. Will refueling or repairs be allowed?
A11. Yes, however they must be autonomous. Equipment must be placed at a checkpoint prior to the start of the race. As with the race vehicle itself, no humans (or other living beings) may control or send commands or data to the service equipment after the start of the race.
■Q12. Can I use differential global positioning system (GPS)?
A12. The race vehicle is free to use publicly available signals. This includes differential GPS receivers in towns or counties along the way. A team may establish a private differential GPS receiver, as long as it is fully autonomous, at a checkpoint.
■Q13. What time of day will the race take place?
A13. The race will start in the morning. Whether the vehicle can complete the course during daylight hours will depend on how fast the vehicle can traverse the course.
■Q14. When does an E-stop result in disqualification? When is the time of an E-stop counted against the elapsed time of the vehicle?
A14. A team will not be punished if an E-stop is required because of a safety issue that is not the fault of the team or its vehicle. An example is a hiker who accidentally wanders onto the course in front of a vehicle. In that case, an E-stop should be executed immediately. The elapsed time for that vehicle will be stopped until the situation is corrected, and the vehicle will be allowed to continue with the race. However, if an E-stop is activated by a team member for the purpose of preventing any other type of unwanted behavior, the vehicle will be disqualified since this action violates the autonomous spirit of the vehicle in this race.
Supplying a capable chase vehicle is the responsibility of the team. If an E-stop is the result of the chase vehicle not keeping up with the race vehicle, the team will be penalized by having the elapsed time clock continue during this stop. The vehicle will not be disqualified since this type of E-stop is not an attempt by the team to manually control the autonomous vehicle.
■Q15. As a foreign national or foreign organization, what can I do?
A15. You can work on a US organization’s entry. Any prize money will be paid to the US organization.
■Q16. Can I enter the race if I have received research grants from the Federal Government?
A16. Yes, as long as all other eligibility criteria are met and no Government- owned property is used during the race.
■Q17. May a Federal Government organization enter the competition?
A17. No.
■Q18. What about trade secrets and intellectual property rights?
A18. In the interest of fostering scientific development, the paper describing the entry will be made available to the public after the race. This will limit the ability of contestants to maintain trade secrets. Otherwise, all intellectual property rights will remain with the owner.
■Q19. What if there is no winner in 2004?
A19. As long as Congressional authority exists to make the award, subsequent races will be held until there is a winner. The current authority expires on September 30, 2007.
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●マスコミ対策用の報道資料：http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/media.htm
【これを丸写しする馬鹿メディアは、とりあえず“ウンコたれ”です。（笑）】
Background and Guidelines for Reporters and Documentary Producers Covering The DARPA Grand Challenge
Overview
In early 2004, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense will conduct a Grand Challenge of autonomous robotic ground vehicles from Los Angeles to Las Vegas. The competing team that most quickly completes the course in less than the prescribed time will receive a cash prize of $1 million.
The Grand Challenge’s unique story line has already drawn widespread interest from a number of magazines, newspapers, trade press, broadcast media and documentary producers. This backgrounder provides key facts to help those interested in covering the event to develop their stories and gain an understanding of Challenge guidelines.
In order to make it easy for you to plan how you will cover the Grand Challenge, we have divided our guidelines into four segments:
Overall Guidelines ? ground rules for before, during and after the Challenge;
Phase I: Recruiting and Team-Building ? planning and development of competing teams and vehicles in the months leading up to the Challenge;
Phase II: Pre-Challenge Week ? team arrivals, safety inspections, opening ceremonies and other activities the week before the Challenge; and
Phase III: The Grand Challenge ? departure point, challenge, arrival point and prize award.
Overall Guidelines
The DARPA Grand Challenge web site ? www.darpa.mil/ grandchallenge ? is the definitive information source for regular updates on plans for the Challenge and media coverage guidelines and opportunities.
DARPA will maintain a list of members of the media and documentary producers who have expressed interest in covering the Grand Challenge, and will send periodic releases and advisories announcing upcoming events and milestones.
Reporters and documentary producers can also get information, request interviews, and register to receive media advisories by doing the following:
1) Send emails to grandchallenge@darpa.mil;
2) Contact people via the Grand Challenge Discussion Forum (http://www.darpa.mil/grandchallenge/policy.htm); or
3) Call Don Shipley, the Challenge’s media contact, at 202/ 289-2001.
DARPA will consider requests for interviews with Grand Challenge organizers, but cannot guarantee full access. Periodic media briefings will be the most likely avenue for interviews and direct contact with Challenge officials and participants.
DARPA does not plan to grant exclusive licenses for Grand Challenge coverage, but media outlets and documentary producers are free to pursue exclusives with individual teams.
DARPA will not arrange introductions to participants, but will provide information on events and venues that may provide access to participants.
All announcements about future events that are posted on the web site or announced to the media are subject to change.
Phase I: Recruiting and Team Building
Media coverage opportunities in advance of the Grand Challenge will focus on competitor recruiting, team building, and design and construction of vehicles.
Media wishing to cover pre-Challenge activities of participants, such as team formation and/or vehicle design, development, fabrication and testing, should contact participants directly.
Participants can make their own decisions regarding media access (i.e., no access, access to all/some media, exclusive arrangement, etc.). DARPA will not arrange introductions to participants.
DARPA will hold periodic meetings and events leading up to the Grand Challenge that will offer opportunities for media coverage. The first such event is a competitors’ conference scheduled for February 22, 2003 in Los Angeles. Click here for an advisory with details on how to cover the competitors’ conference.
The competitors’ conference agenda will include a press briefing with Grand Challenge organizers. Cameras and TV crews will be permitted. Details on the competitors’ conference press briefing are included in the advisory.
Members of the media who are planning to attend the competitors’ conference press briefing must register in advance. DARPA reserves the right to turn away members of the media who have not registered in advance.
Phase II: Pre-Challenge Week
All media and documentary producers who are planning to cover the Grand Challenge must register during the pre- Challenge week and get approved press credentials.
Media coverage opportunities during the pre-Challenge week will include advance press briefings, vehicle inspections and any media events planned by individual competitors.
The schedule of pre-Challenge media events will be announced closer to the Grand Challenge.
Phase III: The Grand Challenge
Ground rules for coverage of departure point and arrival point activities and the Challenge route itself will be announced in the future via the Grand Challenge Discussion Forum.
For your planning purposes, DARPA anticipates that the departure point and arrival point activities will be open to media coverage, but that there will be severe restrictions or perhaps no media access to the Challenge route.
DARPA reserves the right to amend all ground rules, and to disqualify organizations that it determines are not legitimate news or entertainment organizations.
（Last updated January 31, 2003）
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題名には必ず「阿修羅さんへ」と記述してください。