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トランプ大統領が在外公館の大使全員を解職、センセーショナルな記事の見出しに判らない本当の事情
http://business.newsln.jp/news/201701220912000000.html
01/22 09:12 BusinessNewsline
21日付けのIndepent紙が「トランプ大統領は全ての在外公館の大使全員を解職した（Donald Trump has fired all foreign US ambassadors with nobody to replace them）」とするかなりショッキングな見出しの記事を掲載してしまったことを受けて、国務省では誤解を解くための対応に追われています。
この記事、この見出しだけを読むをトランプ大統領は就任早々から「やらかした」という風にも読み取れますが、実際には全然、違います。
この記事に関して、国務省職員がRedditにフォローのために投稿した記事が以下のものとなります。
I'm a Foreign Service Officer currently working overseas. The ambassador in the country in which I'm stationed is still here and plans to come into work on Monday. He has not resigned or been dismissed.
FSOs are the U.S. diplomatic corps, and are career diplomats. There are also career diplomats with USAID, Treasury and other federal departments and agencies. There are a few ways to get in, but the way that most do (and what I did) was to sit for an exam, go to Washington for a day-long interview, pass medical and security clearances and wait. Mostly wait. FSOs spend their career on assignments in Washington and abroad that are usually two to four years long. About 70% of the U.S. ambassadors in the world are career diplomats who have spent many years as an FSO in Washington and abroad.
All U.S. ambassadors are nominated by the President, and then confirmed by the Senate. That includes the FSOs and the political appointees. Sometimes confirmation can take months, often not due to any fault of the appointee.
All ambassadors are required to offer their resignation to the President (or President-Elect) after Election Day. By custom, the President generally only accepts the resignation offers from the political appointee ambassadors and allows the career ambassadors to continue in their tour. In some presidential transitions, exceptions have been made on a case-by-case basis for certain ambassadors to stay after Inauguration Day, but President Trump and his team decided not to do that in this case, as is their right. In some cases, there are nominations for replacements, but in some cases, there are not at this point.
All embassies are led by the ambassador, and her or his deputy is called the Deputy Chief of Mission. DCMs handle the day-to-day running of the embassy. When the ambassador is out of country, the DCM acts as acting chief of mission. When there is no ambassador, as there will be in these countries in which political appointee ambassadors are gone, the DCM will be acting chief of mission for many weeks or months. During that time, the DCM is given the formal title of chargee d'affairs. Any DCM is going to be a well experienced FSO or other career diplomat, and many of them may be ambassadors at their next post.
Sorry for the wall of text; hope this clarifies a few things!
Source: Reddit
内容を要約すると、(1)大使は国務省の外交官が選任されているものと、大統領が政治的に選任した2種類の大使が居る。(2)通常、新しい大統領が就任すると在外公館の大使は全員、新大統領に対して、辞表を提出するのが習わしとなっている。（3）新大統領は受け取った辞表の内、大統領が選任した非外交官の大使のみの辞表を受理し、残りの外交官が選任されている大使は留任させる。(4)全ての在外公館は、実務担当の副大使を置いており、大使が辞任し、大使のポストが一時的に空白になった場合には、副大使が暫定大使に昇格して業務を遂行するため、大使のポストが空白になっても大使館の業務には支障は生じない。
としています。
Indepent紙の記事の中身を読むと、「新大統領が就任時に政治的に任命され６た大使の全員を解職するのはこれまでも行われたことだが、後任人事が決まっていない状態で解職は普通ではない」とも述べていますが、Redditの長文のコメントを読む限り、実際のところ国務省の見解は異なるようです。
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