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Sputnik 日本
2015年08月16日 15:37
米国 日本にさらに１２の原爆を投下する予定だった
http://jp.sputniknews.com/politics/20150816/753235.html
米国は、広島と長崎に原爆を投下した後も、日本への原爆攻撃をやめるつもりはなかった。彼らは、三発目を投下するばかりでなく、さらに１２もの原爆投下計画を持っていた。新聞「The Daily Beast」が、広島・長崎への原爆投下７０周年に関連して公表された米国の軍事アーカイヴの資料を引用して伝えた。
1945年8月13日に行われた高位の軍事専門家らによる交渉をまとめた資料は、より強力な三回目の攻撃のための原爆用材料が、マリアナ諸島にほぼ集められ、8月19日に用いられる可能性があった事を裏付けている。またさらなる12回の攻撃用に原爆製造の準備がなされ、米国は、日本が降伏するまで、原爆攻撃を続ける計画だった。
米国の特別軍事委員会は、京都や横浜、小倉、新潟さらには東京も標的にしていたと見られる。専門家らは、原爆攻撃の効果を詳しく研究したいと考えていたため、まだ通常爆弾での攻撃により大きな被害を受けていない、諸都市を選んだ。東京は、すでに空襲により著しい被害を被り、10万人もの人々が亡くなっていたが、特別軍事委員会は、標的のリストから除外しなかった。
しかし8月15日、日本が無条件降伏したため、原爆の中身などは、爆弾完成のため米国本土からマリアナ諸島へ送られる準備ができていたにもかかわらず、その生産は中止となった。
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The Daily Beast
08.14.152:55 PM ET
U.S. Planned to Drop 12 Atomic Bombs on Japan
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/08/14/u-s-planned-to-drop-12-atomic-bombs-on-japan.html
A week after Nagasaki, Tokyo had still not surrendered. A third weapon was already on its way and a dozen were to follow.
LONDON ? American military archives reveal that if the Japanese had not surrendered on August 15, 1945, they would have been hit by a third and potentially more powerful atomic bomb just a few days later and then, eventually, an additional barrage of up to 12 further nuclear attacks.
Documents highlighted during commemorations to mark the 70th anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima on August 6, and Nagasaki on August 9, which forced the end of World War II, show the determination of the United States to make Japan surrender unconditionally.
In the spring of 1945, the U.S. Army set up a special target committee to debate key Japanese cities to attack as officials believed their regime had already made it perfectly clear they were not willing to surrender at any price.
Confidential reports added that “even after two atom bombs, they preferred to fight on till they are all dead. Death or glory.”
It was a belief shared by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who attended talks with Allied leaders Harry S. Truman, the new American president, and Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at Potsdam in July 1945, where he gave consent to using atomic weapons following the successful “Trinity” test.
“There was unanimous, automatic, unquestioned agreement around our table,” Truman later admitted in his memoirs. “Never did I hear the slightest suggestion that we do otherwise.”
There was no reference though to the number of bombs under consideration, although Churchill casually initialed a minute telling U.K. officials to go along with what the Americans decided.
Presidential scientific adviser James B. Conant reported: “A number of military experts tended to see the bomb as nothing more than just a bigger bang, and it seems Churchill and Stalin were similarly ignorant.”
Target committee members believed an atom bomb could destroy the infrastructure of Japan without the need for an invasion, so the cities of Kyoto, Hiroshima, Yokohama, Kokura, Niigata, and even Tokyo were identified as potential areas for destruction.
The main criteria included cities not previously bombed by conventional means so that experts could fully assess the effects of a nuclear strike.
Although Tokyo still remained a possibility, it had already suffered extensive damage from a firebombing campaign that incinerated 16 square miles and as many as 100,000 people. In addition, officials believed Emporer Hirohito might still be needed to help negotiate any surrender.
Targets in the south were given priority to boost possible invasion plans but the ancient city of Kyoto was withdrawn because the U.S. Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, who had honeymooned there, said it was an important cultural center and “must not be bombed.”
Kyoto had been favored for the very first attack but the committee opted to blitz Hiroshima, which was an important army depot and embarkation port within an urban environment.
In August 6, a B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, dropped an estimated 12 kilotons of TNT in a uranium bomb termed “Little Boy” on Hiroshima.
Just three days another B-29, Bockscar, took off for Kokura carrying a second and more deadly plutonium bomb called “Fat Man,” estimated to be between as powerful as 20 kilotons of TNT. It seems inclement weather forced the aircrew to abandon their original plans to attack Kokura and go to Nagasaki instead. Weather was so bad there that the crew had even considered violating their orders to drop the bomb via radar before finding a small gap in the clouds to deliver their deadly cargo. Archivists now suggest the attack on Nagasaki was a shock to Truman, as Kokura was meant to be the primary target, with Nagasaki a secondary option.
Both attacks combined killed more than 200,000.
Archival records show a third bomb was under assembly at Tinian in the Mariana Islands where the Enola Gay and Bockscar had flown from, with the main plutonium core about to be shipped from the U.S.
Although some aircrew saw “Tokyo Joe” chalked on the bomb’s casing, it was said to be destined for Kokura, the original target for the second bomb, and named “Fat Boy.”
A transcript of a top-level call between two military experts on August 13 reveals details of this “third shot.” It also confirmed that a vast production line of about 12 other atomic bombs was being readied for additional continuous strikes against other key targets.
It was agreed this next bomb would be available to be dropped on August 19, with a schedule of further bombs available throughout September and October.
One U.S. general explained: “If we had another one ready, today would be a good day to drop it. We don’t, but anyhow within the next ten days, the Japanese will make up their minds.”
On August 15, however, just as the plutonium was about to be sent to Tinian, news of the Japanese surrender came through and its loading was stopped.
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