http://www.asyura2.com/13/warb12/msg/717.html
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アメリカの政治学者によって画期的な論文が発表された。これはよく知られた話であったが論文という形で世に出たのは評価できる。
これは個人的な話だがアメリカの歴史を研究している研究者に話を聞いた時に彼がよく言っていた言葉に「アメリカ最大のビジネスは戦争だ」というのをふと思い出した。
http://japanese.ruvr.ru/news/2014_04_16/271242472/
米国の国家転覆法：1953年以来の民主主義撲滅
米国の政治学者ニコラス・デーヴィスの名でこのような題を持つ論文がAlterNetのページに発表された。
デーヴィス氏は、米国は民主主義を守っているように装っているだけで、実際は彼らのすることの全ては民主主義を撲滅することだと主張している。米国は世界をより危険な、より正義の少ないものとし、希望を殺している。
1953年以降、米国は少なくとも80回、外国でクーデターを企てている。一部は失敗、一部は成功した。米国によるクーデターは多くの場合、厳しい弾圧、人身拉致、捜査・裁判なき刑罰、拷問、汚職、極貧、不平等、長期にわたる国民の民主的努力の崩壊を引き起こした。米国の支援を受けて政権についた勢力から判断するに、同じことが今ウクライナで起こっている。
米国のクーデターの基本的手法は1953年以来さして変化していない。それは3段階からなる。1、反対勢力を創る。2、路上における暴力を拡大する。3、憲法上正当な政府の対陣、続く政権掌握のために、非常事態を創り出す。通常、この戦術ののち、米国およびその同盟国の軍隊による侵攻・占領が必要となることはない。しかしもしも戦術が機能しなければ、米国は直接的な軍事侵攻を躊躇いはしない。
http://www.alternet.org/world/americas-coup-machine-destroying-democracy-1953
America's Coup Machine: Destroying Democracy Since 1953
U.S. efforts to overthrow foreign governments leave the world less peaceful, less just and less hopeful.
April 8, 2014 |
Soon after the 2004 U.S. coup to depose President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti, I heard Aristide's lawyer Ira Kurzban speaking in Miami. He began his talk with a riddle: "Why has there never been a coup in Washington D.C.?" The answer: "Because there is no U.S. Embassy in Washington D.C." This introduction was greeted with wild applause by a mostly Haitian-American audience who understood it only too well.
Ukraine's former security chief, Aleksandr Yakimenko, has reported that the coup-plotters who overthrew the elected government in Ukraine, " basically lived in the (U.S.) Embassy. They were there every day." We also know from a leaked Russian intercept that they were in close contact with Ambassador Pyatt and the senior U.S. official in charge of the coup, former Dick Cheney aide Victoria Nuland, officially the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs. And we can assume that many of their days in the Embassy were spent in strategy and training sessions with their individual CIA case officers.
To place the coup in Ukraine in historical context, this is at least the 80th time the United States has organized a coup or a failed coup in a foreign country since 1953. That was when President Eisenhower discovered in Iran that the CIA could overthrow elected governments who refused to sacrifice the future of their people to Western commercial and geopolitical interests. Most U.S. coups have led to severe repression, disappearances, extrajudicial executions, torture, corruption, extreme poverty and inequality, and prolonged setbacks for the democratic aspirations of people in the countries affected. The plutocratic and ultra-conservative nature of the forces the U.S. has brought to power in Ukraine make it unlikely to be an exception.
Noam Chomsky calls William Blum's classic, Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II, "Far and away the best book on the topic." If you're looking for historical context for what you are reading or watching on TV about the coup in Ukraine, Killing Hope will provide it. The title has never been more apt as we watch the hopes of people from all regions of Ukraine being sacrificed on the same altar as those of people in Iran (1953); Guatemala(1954); Thailand (1957); Laos (1958-60); the Congo (1960); Turkey (1960, 1971 & 1980); Ecuador (1961 & 1963); South Vietnam (1963); Brazil (1964); the Dominican Republic (1963); Argentina (1963); Honduras (1963 & 2009); Iraq (1963 & 2003); Bolivia (1964, 1971 & 1980); Indonesia (1965); Ghana (1966); Greece (1967); Panama (1968 & 1989); Cambodia (1970); Chile (1973); Bangladesh (1975); Pakistan (1977); Grenada (1983); Mauritania (1984); Guinea (1984); Burkina Faso (1987); Paraguay (1989); Haiti (1991 & 2004); Russia (1993); Uganda (1996);and Libya (2011). This list does not include a roughly equal number of failed coups, nor coups in Africa and elsewhere in which a U.S. role is suspected but unproven.
The disquieting reality of the world we live in is that American efforts to destroy democracy, even as it pretends to champion it, have left the world less peaceful, less just and less hopeful. When Harold Pinter won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2005, at the height of the genocidal American war on Iraq, he devoted much of his acceptance speech to an analysis of this dichotomy. He said of the U.S., "It has exercised a quite clinical manipulation of power worldwide while masquerading as a force for universal good. It's a brilliant, even witty, highly successful act of hypnosis… Brutal, indifferent, scornful and ruthless it may be, but it is also very clever."
The basic framework of U.S. coups has hardly evolved since 1953. The main variables between coups in different places and times have been the scale and openness of the U.S. role and the level of violence used. There is a strong correlation between the extent of U.S. involvement and the level of violence. At one extreme, the U.S. war on Iraq was a form of regime change that involved hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops and killed hundreds of thousands of people. On the other hand, the U.S. role in General Suharto's coup in Indonesia in 1965 remained covert even as he killed almost as many people. Only long after the fact did U.S. officials take credit for their role in Suharto's campaign of mass murder, and it will be some time before they brag publicly about their roles in Ukraine.
続きを読むhttp://www.alternet.org/world/americas-coup-machine-destroying-democracy-1953?page=0%2C1
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