http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20130416/k10013963871000.html
イラン・パキスタン国境付近でＭ７．８
4月16日 20時27分

アメリカの地質調査所によりますと、日本時間の１６日午後７時４４分ごろ、イランとパキスタンの国境付近を震源とするマグニチュード７．８の地震がありました。

震源地はシスタン・バルチスタン州の町、ハッシュの東南東８６キロで、震源の深さは１５．２キロと推定されています。
震源地からおよそ１３００キロ離れたイランの首都テヘランにあるＮＨＫの支局では、揺れは感じられなかったということです。

　
イラン 過去にたびたび大地震
4月16日 20時58分

イランは、プレートとプレートがぶつかりあう場所に位置する世界でも有数の地震が多発する地帯で、過去２０年余りの間に３万人を超える死者がでる地震が２回起きるなど、たびたび大地震の被害を受けています。
２００３年には、今回の震源と同じイラン南東部の都市バムを中心とする地域で、マグニチュード６．７の地震があり、４万人以上が死亡しています。
また、１９９０年６月にイラン北西部で起きたマグニチュード７．７の地震では、多数の家屋が倒壊しておよそ３万５０００人が死亡しています。
今月１０日にも、南部のブシェール州で、マグニチュード６．３の地震が起きて３０人以上が死亡し、８５０人以上がけがをしています。

・ イラン南部地震 死者３０人超す　（4月10日 4時7分）

イランでＭ8の大きな地震＝米地質調査所
2013年 04月 16日 20:10

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［１６日　ロイター］　米地質調査所（ＵＳＧＳ）によると、１６日１０４４ＧＭＴ（日本時間午後７時４４分）にイランのパキスタンとの国境に近い地域でマグニチュード（Ｍ）８の大きな地震が発生した。

ＵＳＧＳによると、震源の深さは７３マイル。

地震による揺れは中東やインドのニューデリーでも観測された。
　

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イラン南西部でＭ6.3の地震、32人死亡・原発に被害なし 2013年4月10日
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関東地方で強い地震、栃木北部で震度5強＝気象庁 2013年2月25日

http://www.thenewstribe.com/2013/04/16/tectonic-summary-of-iran-pakistan-border-region-earthquake/
ISLAMABAD, TEHRAN: United States Geographical Survey (USGS) said the quake measured 7.8 on the Richter scale and was powerful enough to be felt as far away as New Delhi, India and northern areas of the Pakistan.

Earlier TheNewsTribe’s correspondents from Pakistan also reported that moderate level earthquake measuring magnitude 4.7-5.4 on Richter scale jolted Asian and Gulf specially Pakistani cities including Karachi, Islamabad, Hyderabad, Lahore and Quetta on Tuesday afternoon.

Earlier reports also confirmed that the epicenter of the quake was situated 81 kilometers north of the city of Saravan, border area of Pakistan-Iran.

Seismotectonics of the Middle East and Vicinity

No fewer than four major tectonic plates (Arabia, Eurasia, India, and Africa) and one smaller tectonic block (Anatolia) are responsible for seismicity and tectonics in the Middle East and surrounding region. Geologic development of the region is a consequence of a number of first-order plate tectonic processes that include subduction, large-scale transform faulting, compressional mountain building and crustal extension.

Event Time

2013-04-16 10:44:13 UTC
2013-04-16 15:14:13 UTC+04:30 at epicenter

Location

28.056°N 62.080°E depth=15.2km (9.4mi)

Nearby Cities

86km (53mi) ESE of Khash, Iran
167km (104mi) NE of Iranshahr, Iran
199km (124mi) SE of Zahedan, Iran
237km (147mi) SSW of Rudbar, Afghanistan
603km (375mi) NE of Muscat, Oman

Mountain building in northern Pakistan and Afghanistan is the result of compressional tectonics associated with collision of the India plate moving northwards at a rate of 40 mm/yr with respect to the Eurasia plate. Continental thickening of the northern and western edge of the India subcontinent has produced the highest mountains in the world, including the Himalayan, Karakoram, Pamir and Hindu Kush ranges. Earthquake activity and faulting found in this region, as well as adjacent parts of Afghanistan and India, are due to collisional plate tectonics.

Beneath the Pamir-Hindu Kush Mountains of northern Afghanistan, earthquakes occur to depths as great as 200 km as a result of remnant lithospheric subduction. Shallower crustal earthquakes in the Pamir-Hindu Mountains occur primarily along the Main Pamir Thrust and other active Quaternary faults, which accommodate much of the region’s crustal shortening. The western and eastern margins of the Main Pamir Thrust display a combination of thrust and strike-slip mechanisms.

Along the western margin of the Tibetan Plateau, in the vicinity of southeastern Afghanistan and western Pakistan, the India plate translates obliquely relative to the Eurasia plate, resulting in a complex fold-and-thrust belt known as the Sulaiman Range. Faulting in this region includes strike-slip, reverse-slip and oblique-slip motion and often results in shallow, destructive earthquakes. The relatively fast moving left-lateral, strike-slip Chaman Fault system in southeastern Afghanistan accommodates translational motion between the India and Eurasia plates. In 1505, a segment of the Chaman Fault system near Kabul, Afghanistan ruptured causing widespread destruction of Kabul and surrounding villages. In the same region, the more recent 30 May 1935, M7.6 Quetta, Pakistan earthquake, occurred within the Sulaiman Range, killing between 30,000 and 60,000 people.

Off the south coast of Pakistan and southeast coast of Iran, the Makran trench is the present-day surface expression of active subduction of the Arabia plate beneath the continental Eurasia plate, which converge at a rate of approximately 20 mm/yr. Although the Makran subduction zone has a relatively slow convergence rate, it has produced large devastating earthquakes and tsunamis. For example, the November 27, 1945 M8.0 mega-thrust earthquake produced a tsunami within the Gulf of Oman and Arabia Sea, killing over 4,000 people. Northwest of this active subduction zone, collision of the Arabia and Eurasia plates forms the approximately 1,500-km-long fold and thrust belt of the Zagros Mountains, which crosses the whole of western Iran and extends into northeastern Iraq. Collision of the Arabia and Eurasia plates also causes crustal shortening in the Alborz Mountains and Kopet Dag in northern Iran. Eastern Iran experiences destructive earthquakes that originate on both strike-slip and reverse faults. For example, the 16 September 1978 M7.8 earthquake, along the southwest edge of the Dasht-e-Lut Basin killed at least 15,000 people.

Along the eastern margin of the Mediterranean region there is complex interaction between the Africa, Arabia and Eurasia plates. The Red Sea Rift is a spreading center between the Africa and Arabia plates, with a spreading rate of approximately 10mm/yr near its northern end, and 16mm/yr near its southern end (Chu, D. and Gordon, R. G., 1998). Seismicity rate and size of earthquakes has been relatively small along the spreading center, but the rifting process has produced a series of volcanic systems across western Saudi Arabia.

Further north, the Red Sea Rift terminates at the southern boundary of the Dead Sea Transform Fault. The Dead Sea Transform is a strike-slip fault that accommodates differential motion between the Africa and Arabia plates. Though both the Africa plate, to the west, and the Arabia plate, to the east, are moving in a NNE direction, the Arabia plate is moving slightly faster, resulting in the left-lateral, strike-slip motion along this segment of the plate boundary. Historically, earthquake activity along the Dead Sea Transform has been a significant hazard in the densely populated Levant region (eastern Mediterranean). For example, the November 1759 Near East earthquake is thought to have killed somewhere between 2,000-20,000 people. The northern termination of the Dead Sea Transform occurs within a complex tectonic region of southeast Turkey, where interaction of the Africa and Arabia plates and the Anatolia block occurs. This involves translational motion of the Anatolia Block westwards, with a speed of approximately 25mm/yr with respect to Eurasia, in order to accommodate closure of the Mediterranean basin.

The right-lateral, strike-slip North Anatolia Fault, in northern Turkey, accommodates much of the westwards motion between the Anatolia Block and Eurasia Plate. Between 1939 and 1999, a series of devastating M7.0+ strike-slip earthquakes propagated westwards along the North Anatolia Fault system. The westernmost of these earthquakes was the 17th August 1999, M7.6 Izmit earthquake, near the Sea of Marmara, killed approximately 17,000 people.

At the southern edge of the Anatolia Block lies the east-west trending Cyprian Arc with associated levels of moderate seismicity. The Cyprian Arc represents the convergent boundary between the Anatolia Block to the north and the Africa Plate to the south. The boundary is thought to join the East Anatolia Fault zone in eastern Turkey; however no certain geometry or sense of relative motion along the entire boundary is widely accepted.

7.8 magnitude earthquake shakes Karachi, Quetta, New Delhi other Asian cities