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2007-12-21 11:16:36
gataro-cloneの投稿
米の出生率３５年ぶり高水準 ２００６年は２・１に【共同通信】
テーマ：世界の動き
アメリカも他国に負けじ劣らずの「子育て困難国」のはずだったが、いつの間にか、という感じで出生率が向上している。やればできると言うことだよな。日本の少子化担当大臣は今誰だったかな？そうだ、少子化担当相は上川陽子さん（自民、静岡 1区）だ。日頃はアメリカ言いなりのくせに、良いところははさっぱりアメリカを見習わないじゃないか、福田君に、上川さんは。 ========================================== http://www.47news.jp/CN/200712/CN2007122101000194.html 米の出生率３５年ぶり高水準 ２００６年は２・１に 人口を維持するのに必要な出生率は２・１とされるが、同センターによると、昨年の米国は７１年以来、初めてその水準に達した。先進国では日本をはじめ、多くの国々が少子化に直面する中で、最高水準の出生率となっている。 出生率が上昇した理由について専門家は（１）好景気（２）移民の増加（３）出産後の職場復帰を保障する条件整備−などを指摘した。米国では第２次大戦後のベビーブーム期に出生率が上昇したが、その後は経口避妊薬（ピル）の認可や、妊娠中絶の権利を認めた７３年の連邦最高裁判決を受け、７６年には最低の１・７まで下がった。 ========================================= 【関連英文記事】 USA TODAY（12月19日付・電子版） ⇒ http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-19-fertility_N.htm Fertility rate in USA on upswing The fertility rate among Americans has climbed to its highest level since 1971, setting the country apart from most industrialized nations that are struggling with low birthrates and aging populations. "What matters is that the U.S. is probably one of very few industrialized countries that have a fertility rate close to or at replacement level," says José Antonio Ortega, head of the fertility section at the United Nations' Population Division. A high fertility rate is important to industrialized nations. When birthrates are low, there are fewer people to fill jobs and support the elderly. Fertility in the USA went up in every age group from 2005 to 2006, the biggest jump coming among those 20 to 24 years old. The U.S. population topped 300 million last year, and the Census Bureau projects growth to 400 million by around 2040. Developed countries in Europe and Asia have launched several government initiatives to encourage more births, from financial bonuses and extended family leaves to subsidized child care. The wide availability of birth control options and more career opportunities for women have caused fertility rates to hit low levels in Japan, South Korea, Italy, Germany and Russia. France, renowned for its family friendly policies, remains the exception with a fertility rate of 2. "What is paradoxical is that the U.S. doesn't have those (family friendly) policies and it has higher fertility," Ortega says. Fertility experts say that economic prosperity, immigration and better job security for working mothers contribute to more births. "We do know that birthrates ticked up quite a bit among the most affluent," says Stephanie Coontz, director of research and public education at the Council on Contemporary Families. "Kids are luxury goods, and some of this uptick may be stay-at-home moms." It also has become easier for women to negotiate leaves from work to stay home with their children. "Women now feel much more entitled and much more confident, especially as they're getting more education," Coontz says. U.S. fertility hit its low of 1.7 in 1976 after the introduction of the birth control pill in the 1960s. Another factor: the Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling that a woman has a constitutional right to an abortion. "It's not so much that abortion lowered the birthrate but abortion, coming on top of the birth control pill, really made it much more clear to women — and to men — that childbearing was a choice," Coontz says. A boom in the number of young people can enhance economic competitiveness because they're usually the source of new and creative ideas, says Bill Butz, president of the non-profit Population Reference Bureau. "Many policymakers and decision-makers in Europe, whether they talk about it or not, are envious of the U.S. fertility rate … because our social security issues will not come as fast as theirs," Butz says. The stakes are clear, Ortega says: "If you're below replacement, you will eventually have a declining population and a faster aging process."
【ワシントン２０日共同】米国立衛生統計センターは２０日までに、２００６年の出生率が２・１０に達し、１９７１年以降の約３５年間で最高を記録したとのデータ（速報値）を発表した。
2007/12/21 10:41 【共同通信】
By Haya El Nasser and Paul Overberg, USA TODAY
The fertility rate hit 2.1 in 2006, according to preliminary estimates released by the National Center for Health Statistics. It's a milestone: the first time since shortly after the baby boom ended that the nation has reached the rate of births needed for a generation to replace itself, an average 2.1 per woman.
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