(回答先: ビデオ：日本再武装（ＮＹＴ，2007-07-23） 投稿者 馬場英治 日時 2007 年 7 月 24 日 17:21:34)
http://exodus.exblog.jp/6162646/
NYTが７月２３日にリリースしたドキュメンタリービデオ「日本再武装(Rearming Japan)」のスクリプト全文を公開する．このスクリプトは最初《stiffmuscleの日記》さんがテープ起こしに着手され，ついで stiffmuscleさんの呼びかけに応えて《GivingTreeの雑記帳》さんも応援に駆けつけて，共同してわずか丸一日で仕上げてしまった．第１章は主にstiffmuscleさんが，第２章と３章はGivingTreeさんが担当された．お二人には心より感謝申し上げる． 安倍総理は私の内閣で改憲すると息巻いているが，このような安倍内閣の軍国主義への急傾斜は東アジアの近隣諸国ばかりでなく，全世界の平和を愛する諸国民に強い警戒心を抱かせるものである．平和憲法は人柱となった１０００万の尊い犠牲の血によって始めて贖われた．いまや我々は戦争が起きるのではなく，引き起こされるものであることを知っている．東アジアの恒久平和に我々は責任を有している．そのために我々は平和憲法を守りぬくだろう．戦争と貧困に深い連関があるのと同様に，戦争と女性への暴力もまた不可分な関係にある．「愛国心」を「経営破綻した悪漢ども」の最後の拠りどころとしてはならない．
Chapter 1 : Rethinking Self-Defense Japan's pacifist constitution renounces war and forbids the country to have a full-fledged military, but conservative politicians are seeking to change it. 第１章：専守防衛の見直し
NYT制作ドキュメンタリービデオ
「日本再武装」スクリプト全文
第１章 Stiffmuscle，第２，３章 GivingTree
2007年7月25日
日本の平和憲法は戦争を放棄し，この国が本格的な戦力を持つことを禁止しているが，保守派の政治家たちはそれを変更することを追求している．
TOMOHIKO TANIGUCHI: Deputy Press Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs KOICHI KATO: MP, House of Representative of Japan NARRATOR: With the end of the Cold War and the growing threat of new conflicts between China and North Korea, Japan is shedding its pacifism and rearming itself. Despite agreeing to shut down its plutonium bomb making program, North Korea remains a threat, because it is believed to have already built a small trove of nuclear weapons. SHINTARO ISHIHARA: Governor of Tokyo NARRATOR: The goal is to instill a pride of country among Japanese and claim a larger role for Japan in the world. It is a trend that deeply troubles neighboring Asian countries that suffered atrocities under Japanese military occupation and worry that Japan could revert back to its fiercely colonial past. YUKI TANAKA: Professor, Hiroshima City University NARRATOR: (Mr. Shimamoto speaks in Japanese) MASAYA SHIMAMOTO, Right wing activist: NARRATOR: MASAYA SHIMAMOTO: NARRATOR: YUKI TANAKA: NARRATOR: TOMOHIKO TANIGUCHI: SHINTARO ISHIHARA: NARRATOR: KOICHI KATO: MASAHIDE OTA: former Governor of Okinawa, MP, House of Councillors of Japan NARRATOR: KIICHI MATSUURA: NARRATOR: KIICHI MATSUURA: NARRATOR: The size of its forces and the sophistication of its weaponry are roughly equivalent to those of Britain. Hundreds of Japanese soldiers have been sent to serve in southern Iraq and Southeast Asia to provide tsunami relief. TOMOHIKO TANIGUCHI: NARRATOR: The only country to suffer a nuclear attack is now seriously debating whether to require nuclear weapons. MASAHIDE OTA: YUKI TANAKA: (END of Chapter 1) Chapter 2 : Historic Amnesia Critics say right-wing politicians are glorifying Japan's militarist past by opening war museums and revising textbooks to downplay war-time atrocities. 第２章：歴史的健忘症 AKIHIRO TAKAHASHI: “Hibakusha” witness, Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation TATSUHIRO ENDO: Visitor, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum NARRATOR: The Hiroshima Peace Park and Museum was built as a memorial to the atomic bomb victims, and as a deterrent to nuclear weapons. For the Japanese, however, Hiroshima [has] also served as a sobering reminder of the consequences of Japan’s imperial militarism in Asia. TATSUHIRO ENDO: TOSHIHIKO KUNISHIGE: Deputy Director, Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum NARRATOR: YUKI TANAKA: Professor, Hiroshima City University NARRATOR: Weighing 72,000 tons, the Yamato was the biggest battleship ever built and the pride of the Japanese Imperial Navy. Critics say the Yamato Museum and others like it glorify Japan's militarism and are part of the right-wing effort to engender national pride and erase the historic memory of Japan’s wartime atrocities. YUKI TANAKA: NARRATOR: TAKAO YASUI: Yamato Museum visitor MASAKO MAEDA: Yamato Museum visitor TAISEI FUKAI: Yamato Museum visitor AKIHIRO TAKAHASHI: NARRATOR: YUKI TANAKA: TOMOHIKO TANIGUCHI: Deputy Press Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs NARRATOR: MASAHIDE OTA: former Okinawa governor, MP, House of Councillors of Japan (END of Chapter 2) Chapter 3 : Deja Vu? Behind Japan's rising nationalism is a drive to instill patriotism and to claim a larger role for Japan in the world. But is Japan on a path to repeating the mistakes of the past? 第３章：既視体験？ NARRATOR: Is Japan on a path to repeating the mistakes of its past? YUKI TANAKA: Professor, Hiroshima City University NARRATOR: PROFESSOR: LEE JINHEE: Waseda University student SAORI KAWAZOE: Waseda University student YUSUKE KANO: Waseda University student TOMOHIKO TANIGUCHI: Deputy Press Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs YUKI TANAKA: (END of Film)
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“North Korea is openly saying that (it) is developing nuclear weapons, and some of the test cases have proven that their missiles are actually targeted at Japanese Archipelago… And another one, which is shaking the situation, is the rapid buildup of military in China.”
“Politically, or internationally, and militarily, China is getting bigger and bigger. So we want to be independent against China.”
Since its defeat in World War II, Japan has been a pacifist country. It has renounced armed aggression and limited its military to a defensive role. Not one Japanese soldier has killed or been killed in conflict since the war ended more than sixty years ago.
But now that is changing.
“Japan will make up its own mind in defending ourselves, and our own efforts to defend ourselves may lead us to acquiring nuclear weapons, which so many people fear.”
The shift is part of a larger conservative movement to distance Japan from its negative war legacy. Right-wing politicians are glorifying Japan‘s militarist past and revising the historical record to downplay atrocities committed by the Imperial army.
“If the politician leads towards a wrong direction, this will create enormous nationalism. And if it’s combined with militarism, we don’t know where we’re going. We may start in attacking China.”
Masaya Shimamoto is a member of one of Japan‘s largest right-wing organizations. Every week, his group and others like them take to the streets of Tokyo to preach the gospel of nationalism.”
“Japan has one of the most ridiculous constitutions in the world. It banns us from having any war capability on land, sea, or air, and renounces the right of aggression.”
At the top of the right-wing agenda is reforming Article 9 of the Constitution that was imposed by American Forces at the end of the World War II to prevent Japan from repeating its wartime atrocities. Under Article 9, Japan is limited to Self-Defense Forces that technically cannot operate outside its borders.
“We should abolish Article 9 of the Constitution and make our Self-Defense Forces into a true Japanese military to protect people’s life, freedom, and property.”
It’s a message that is increasingly popular in Japan. The nation rebuilt itself from the ashes of the war into the world’s second largest economy. Having achieved prosperity,
Japan is a country in search of itself. It wants to play a larger role in world affairs, perhaps as a military power, and maintain its economic status as nations like China and India come of age.
“China will become the most powerful nation in Asia soon. And that will, of course, damage the pride of the Japanese political leaders―especially right-wing leaders―and that [will] stimulate their desire to possess more powerful military forces.”
Leading the charge to reform the Constitution is Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, whose government has set in motion the process of abolishing Article 9.
“The reason why the generation of Shinzo Abe’s is interested in revising the Constitution is because Japan has come of age, Japan can make a difference in a very much good fashion in managing the world together with the United States.”
“Japan should absolutely possess a military, and to a degree it already does. But it should be a full-fledged military. We certainly have the economical and technological capacity to do so. We are not just a squadron of America.
In a recent public opinion poll, only one third of Japanese respondents were in favor of changing Article 9. Critics of efforts to reform the Constitution say it a ploy by right-wing politicians to distract the country from the domestic problem including high unemployment and fear of rising crime.
“The unity within a castle is very easily obtained if enemy attacks you. So, making enemy is one thing [to] get your people united.”
“Once Constitution is changed, I’m afraid so many terrible things might happen. They need more soldiers, you know, so conscription law will be passed, you know, as pre-war days. So, this is what I’m worried about very much, you know.”
Kiichi Matsuura, a former kamikaze pilot from the Word War II, says the politicians who want to reform the Constitution are just like Japan‘s military leaders who sent him and so many of his compatriots to their deaths.
“To politicians who advocate patriotism, reforming Article 9, I say, ‘Are you ready to commit suicide and sacrifice yourself for your country?’”
In 1945, Matsuura was headed to Okinawa on his first and only suicide mission, where he had to return to base because of bad weather. But hundreds of other Japanese Kamikaze pilots perished.
“Of course, my colleagues died. And I feel that I have responsibility for the future. Shortly after the war, all I could do was to live day by day. When I was 70, I realized that my job was to pay respect to those in the war who were victims and how to make their deaths have meaning, and not to be wasted.”
For all the constitutional restrictions, Japan has already built its Self-Defense Forces into one of the most powerful militaries in Asia. Japan‘s annual military budget is 40 billion dollars, one of the largest in the world after the United States.
“If we look back for the last ten years, and especially since 9-11, the Japanese forces, men and women, in uniform, have been contributing to betterment of the Iraqi people. And people have started to say, ‘Gee, we’re doing not necessarily a bad thing but we’re doing a good thing and our military―our Self-Defense Forces, by the way―can do even more.’”
But right-wing politicians want to go far beyond peacekeeping. Japanese political leaders have begun to think the unthinkable.
“Some American military specialist, then also scholars mentioned that by 2015 Japan might have nuclear weapons, because by 2015 China will have so many youngsters who can fight in the battlefield, while in Japan we have fewer youngsters.”
“Well, from the viewpoint of the right-wingers, they’ll say, ‘Because we were victimized by nuclear weapons, therefore, we should possess nuclear weapons.’ If North Korea started to launch nuclear missiles against us, that will, you know, invite a massive attack on North Korea from all over the world. So, I don’t think that possessing the nuclear arms [will] solve the problems in relation to North Korea or China.”
批判的な人たちは，右翼政治家が戦時の残虐行為をうやむやにするために戦争博物館をオープンし教科書を改訂することによって，過去の日本軍国主義を賛美していると言う．
“My name is Akihiro Takahashi and I’m 75 years old. And I’m a survivor of the atomic bombing. More and more, Japanese politics is shifting in favor of nuclear weapons. And as a survivor, I’m greatly concerned about this. I think Japan should feel remorse about the past war.”
“I felt the horrors of what happened here. I’m of the generation that hasn’t been taught these things. So you have to come and see it with your own eyes.”
Hiroshima is known across the world as ‘Ground Zero’ for the nuclear age. It was here, on the morning of August 6 1945, that the United States dropped the world’s first atomic bomb. More than 140,000 people perished, many instantly vaporized. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, and Japan surrendered, bringing an end to World War II.
“The most unbelievable exhibit is the diorama that shows [the] Hiroshima city before the atomic attack and then after. I hope this type of pain will never be experienced in the world again.”
“The museum was opened ten years after the attack, to call attention to the horrors of what occurred. Our aim is to abolish nuclear weapons.”
For decades, the Hiroshima Peace Park has been a popular destination for school field trips. For many young Japanese, it is often difficult to gauge World War II, in which their country both committed and suffered great atrocities. Japanese textbooks often fail to deal honestly with these subjects.
“From the Mid-1980s the Japanese government started introducing policies to enhance national sentiment among Japanese schools. And also, they implemented oppressive plan to demolish peace education programs in public schools. For example, now here in Hiroshima, school teachers in public schools are not allowed to spend more than few hours, a year, on peace education. So these programs are part of the government effort to eventually change the Peace Constitution of Japan and make Japan a nation capable of engaging war.”
Not far from Hiroshima, in the city of Kure, another museum claiming to promote peace has recently opened, and it too is attracting large numbers of tourist and school children. But there’s a big difference. The Yamato Museum pays homage to a legendary Japanese battleship that was sunk by American fighter planes killing thousands of Japanese seamen.
“The establishment of the Battleship Yamato Museum is closely associated with the government’s long and persistent policies―effort―to cultivate the national sentiment amongst school children. They think that they have to glorify Japan in order to be seen as one of the leading nations in the world.”
Since it opened in 2005, the Yamato Museum has become a major tourist destination for Japanese.
“It’s wonderful because I’ve no experience with war. By coming here, I’m able to learn what I didn’t know.”
“The young people who served on the Yamato went to war for Japan to win over the world, without knowing how horrifying the situation was. Young people in Japan today are weak and spoiled compared to those on the Yamato. And they should learn from them.”
“The model of the Yamato is cool, the information is easy to understand. The men who made Yamato were great. I think it’s sad it sunk.”
“As for the Yamato Museum in Kure, I don’t understand why they decided to create such a thing. Many young people are visiting there. Yamato was just a relic of the war age. It’s just debris. I don’t know why they decided to depict that battleship.”
One reason so many Japanese know so little about the war, critics say, is that government-approved textbooks increasingly whitewashed Japan’s militaristic past. Textbooks often play down or ignore atrocities like the ‘Rape of Nanking’ in China and the system of ‘sex slaves’ set up by the Japanese military.
“Because they are not taught about the history, they have no opportunities for further serious study of war and peace. And this is the dangerous thing. If you don’t know anything about it and the politicians say, <
“There’s a group of conservative politicians within the LDP (the Liberal Democratic Party) who say that some parts of the textbook descriptions have to be changed. But Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is not a mere parliamentarian. He has no position whatsoever about the way in which textbooks have to be described or authored.”
Some textbooks even claim that Japan did not invade Asian countries, but rather, liberated them from Western powers.
“Youngsters who do not even know there was a war between the United States and Japan, they can be easily mind-controlled, you know. And I’m afraid that they would commit the same mistakes we did, you know. We elderly people did in the past.”
日本の勃興しつつあるナショナリズムの背後には愛国心を植え付け，世界における日本のより大きな役割を求める野望があるが，日本は過去の過ちを繰り返す道を辿るのだろうか？
Japan is asserting itself militarily.
It is embracing right-wing nationalism.
It is denying its wartime atrocities.
And it is flirting with nuclear weapons.
“I think it would take a little bit long to change Japanese people’s idea on the nuclear issues, nuclear weapons, because we still have a very strong anti-nuclear sentiment. However, my concern is the younger generations forgetting about the nuclear issue.”
On a recent evening at Waseda University in Tokyo, a group of sociology students met with their professor to discuss political developments in Japan.
“Do you think we should arm with nuclear weapons?”
“If we don’t want to rely on the States, may be we should have the nuclear weapon. We have to have the…（軍隊って何て言うんでしたっけ）army, army.”
“It would be really disappointing if we decide to have nuclear weapons, but I think it would be one solution to threat in the North Korea, although it is disappointing, and I wouldn’t like it.”
“We have to be proud of the Japanese Constitution for the prohibition of nuclear weapons, because we were the only victim in the world.”
“Lots of debates are going on. There’s a range of opinions. But frankly speaking, it seems to be difficult for non-Japanese speakers really to look into what’s being discussed, what’s not been discussed, to which direction Japan is headed for. I think the maxim that ‘Sunshine is always the best disinfectant’ holds here. You have to show to the world that you’re debating. Then, people in the world, the rest of Asia, can be relaxed about to which direction Japan is headed for.”
“There’s no doubt that the Japanese made atrocities against the Chinese. There’s no doubt we killed tens of thousands of Asian people, including Chinese people. There’s no doubt that we have a responsibility to pay compensations, to individuals, not the government. So somehow, we have to face with these problems and properly deal with them. Otherwise, we cannot get away from this problem forever.”
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