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反ユダヤ主義でチャーチル元英首相が論文〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕
後半に英文記事を添付。
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http://news.www.infoseek.co.jp/world/story/20070312afpAFP011413/
ユダヤ人にも責任の一端＝反ユダヤ主義でチャーチル元英首相が論文〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕
【ロンドン１１日】第２次世界大戦中に英国を率いたウィンストン・チャーチル首相≪写真≫がユダヤ人に関して、苦難の引き金となった反ユダヤ感情に対してユダヤ人自身にも責任の一端があるとする論文を執筆していたことが１１日、明らかになった。同論文は「ユダヤ人はいかに迫害と闘うことができるか」と題され、チャーチル氏が英国家を率いることになる３年前の１９３７年に書かれた。
チャーチル氏は、当時、欧州、米国を覆い、その後、ドイツのナチス政権下のホロコースト（大虐殺）で何百万人という犠牲者が出ることになった反ユダヤ主義を概観し、「反ユダヤ主義を迫害者の邪悪のせいにするのはたやすいが、そのことですべての事実が説明されるわけではない」と述べている。
論文は、ユダヤ人と非ユダヤ人が法の下に平等であり、多くのユダヤ人が避難場所だけでなく成功の機会をも見いだしている英国や米国のような国においてさえ、ユダヤ人への反感は存在するとして、反ユダヤ主義を分析するには、すべからくこの事実に真っ直ぐに向かい合わなければなず、ユダヤ人自身もそれを熟考してみることが必要だと指摘。故意ではないにせよ、ユダヤ人自らが迫害を招いており、ユダヤ人自身にその苦しみが起因している反感に対する責任の一端があるのかもしれないと書いている。
また、ユダヤ人と非ユダヤ人の関係を支配している中心的な事実は、「ユダヤ人は違う」ということだとして、ユダヤ人は外観が異なり、思考法が違い、異なった伝統を持ち、他と同化することを拒絶すると述べている。
しかしチャーチル氏は一方で、ユダヤ人のことをまじめで勤勉で法律をよく守る人種だと褒め、英国民に迫害反対に立ち上がるよう促している。
この論文は、ケンブリッジ大学の歴史学者リチャード・トーイェ氏が同大学のチャーチル関係文書の中から発見した。当時、チャーチル氏の秘書が公表するのは望ましくないと忠告したため、日の目を見なかったという。
[2007年3月12日15時00分]
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http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article2347525.ece
Uncovered: Churchill's warnings about the 'Hebrew bloodsuckers'
Unpublished article from 1937 suggests 'aloof' Jews to blame for antagonism towards them
By Paul Bignell
Published:11 March 2007
Winston Churchill suggested Jewish people were "partly responsible for the antagonism" that saw them branded "Hebrew bloodsuckers", according to an article made public for the first time today.
The 1937 document, "How the Jews Can Combat Persecution", was unearthed by Dr Richard Toye, a Cambridge University historian. Written three years before Churchill became Prime Minister, the article has apparently lain unnoticed in the Churchill archives at Cambridge since the early months of the Second World War.
The article argues that "the wickedness of the persecutors" was not the sole reason for the ill-treatment of Jews down the ages. Churchill criticised the "aloofness" of Jewish people from wider society and urged them to make the effort to integrate themselves."
Dr Toye said: "I nearly fell off my chair when I found the article. It appears to have been overlooked. I think a lot of people thought that the file it was in only contained copies of articles that had already been published. It was certainly quite a shock to read some of these things and it is obviously at odds with the traditional idea we have of Churchill."
The article was intended for the US publication Liberty but withdrawn when another magazine Churchill wrote for objected to him supplying a rival.
In the piece Churchill criticised Jewish employers in the clothing trade and their use of sweated labour. Because refugee Jews escaping the Nazi regime in Germany were willing to work for lower wages, this was in his view "bad citizenship" because it forced English workers out of jobs - and "bad policy" as it created anti-Semitism. Churchill says: "The central fact which dominates the relations of Jew and non-Jew is that the Jew is 'different'. He looks different. He thinks differently. He has a different tradition and background."
He then goes on to criticise Jewish moneylenders: "Every Jewish moneylender recalls Shylock and the idea of the Jews as usurers. And you cannot reasonably expect a struggling clerk or shopkeeper, paying 40 or 50 per cent interest on borrowed money to a 'Hebrew Bloodsucker', to reflect that almost every other way of life was closed to the Jewish people."
Elsewhere in the article Churchill is sympathetic towards Jewish people and clearly disapproves of their persecution: "The Jew is, as a rule, a good citizen. He is sober, industrious and law-abiding... The Jews are suffering from persecutions, cruel and relentless."
Dr Toye said: "Although Churchill lapsed into some extremely unfortunate stereotypes, he did so in the context of trying to be helpful - trying to help the Jews avoid persecution. But unfortunately he kind of blames the Jews themselves in part."
However, Sir Martin Gilbert, Churchill's biogra-pher, says there is another reason for the anti-Semitic language: "Churchill had a ghostwriter who was a member of the Mosleyite party. This article was the only serious subject the ghostwriter was asked to tackle, in which he went over the top in the use of his language."
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- 戦争板リンク：＜ユダヤ人が迫害されるのはユダヤ人の責任＞1937年のウィンストン・チャーチル（tnfuk） gataro 2007/3/12 23:57:32
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