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(回答先: 何を今頃。昨年11月14日付の「USA Today」によると米国保健省は「異常行動を引き起こす可能性あり」との注意書きを 投稿者 Sun Shine 日時 2007 年 3 月 31 日 18:05:27)
アメリカではタミフル（Tamiflu＝Oseltamivir）のほかに、Zanamivir (Relenza)という抗生物質が、インフルエンザA型とC型に効果があるとして使用されているようだ。
Amantadine (Symmetrel)、Rimantadine (Flumadine)もA型だけに効果があることから、2005-2006年ノインフルエンザ・シーズンにはCDCによって推奨されるものとならなかったとのこと。
これらの副作用についても色々書かれている。
またアメリカでは、毎年インフルエンザにかかる人が全体の10%-20%にのぼり（アメリカの総人口は約３億人弱）、そのうち20万人以上がインフルエンザにより他の病気を併発して入院。約2
万人が死亡している。これらのほとんどは65歳以上とのこと。
About 10-20% of people in the United States get the flu every year, and more than 200,000 are admitted to a hospital for complications related to the flu. Each year roughly 20,000 Americans die from these complications. Most of these deaths occur in those older than 65 years.
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/flu_in_adults/page7_em.htm
Medications
Some medications can be used to decrease the severity and duration of a flu attack. These are referred to as antiviral drugs.
Amantadine (Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine) are active only against influenza A. Amantadine and rimantadine are not recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the 2005-2006 influenza season. Laboratory testing by the CDC on the predominant strain of influenza (H3N2) currently circulating in the United States shows that it is resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.
Zanamivir (Relenza) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) are active against both influenza A and B and have not developed resistance.
Zanamivir and oseltamivir are most effective when given within 48 hours of the onset of illness. They can decrease the duration of the disease by 1 day if used within this early time period. They are usually given for a period of about 5-7 days. Information is not conclusive whether or not these drugs can prevent complications of the flu.
Side effects may include nervousness, poor concentration, nausea, and vomiting. Serious effects such as worsening of asthma may occur if you have a history of asthma. Discuss side effects with your doctor.
When the lungs get infected, causing pneumonia, other antiviral drugs such as ribavirin and sometimes antibiotics may be needed.
For nasal congestion, the doctor may suggest the use of over-the-counter decongestants. Anyone with high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, or glaucoma (high pressure of the eye) should not use these decongestants.
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) and oxymetazoline hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour, Afrin) are available as nasal sprays or drops. Use 2-3 sprays in each nostril as indicated on the label. Only use these nasal sprays or drops for up to 3 days. If they are used for more than that, the medication can actually worsen the congestion. These medications are not recommended for children.
Pseudoephedrine tablets (Sudafed) tablets may help congestion.
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