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人類直系の祖先とされるオーストラロピテクスの化石が、エチオピアの北東400ｋｍの場所で発見された。化石は３歳ぐらいの子供のもので、直立歩行をしていたことを示しているが、同時に木登りも行っていた可能性もあると科学者は言っている。
私見：
従来の学説では、L.S.B.Leakeyが、タンザニア北部で発見した約200万年前のものとされる化石が最古のものといわれていた。しかし今回の発見で、1970年代から続けられてきた｢エジプト文明の起源はエチオピアにあるか否か」という論争に、更にひとつのヒントが与えられたことになりそうだ（1965年に出版されたW.E.B.DuBoisの"The World and Africa"をめぐり、Jackson:1980,Diop：1974,Williams：1974達が次々に論文を発表して、論争を続けてきた）。
別の板にも書いたことがあるが、ホメロスが「オデッセイ｣や｢イリアッド」で、プラトンが｢ファイドロス」で、ヘロドトスやディオドロスが、｢エジプトの住民は[縮れ毛の黒人であった」と述べている。また、エジプトの人々は、自分たちをケメット・ヌア（Kemet Nur）−黒い土から生まれた黒い人という原住民語ーと読んでいた。
DuBoisによれば、「古代エジプトの法律や慣習はエチオピア起源のものだ」としている。
今度の化石発見で、今後学説がどのように変化していくのか、楽しみだ。
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060920/sc_nm/ethiopia_fossil_dc
Remains of earliest child discovered in Ethiopia By Patricia Reaney
Wed Sep 20, 3:16 PM ET
LONDON (Reuters) - A 3.3 million-year-old skeleton of the earliest child ever found shows the ancient ancestor of modern humans walked upright but may also have climbed trees, scientists said on Wednesday.
They found the well-preserved remains of a three-year-old girl of the species Australopithecus afarensis -- which includes the fossil skeleton known as "Lucy" -- in the Dikika area of Ethiopia, 400 kms northeast of the capital Addis Ababa.
"It represents the earliest and most complete partial skeleton of a child ever found in the history of paeleoanthropology," said Dr Zeresenay Alemseged, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
The skull, torso and upper and lower limbs, including the hand, show both human and ape-like features. The state of the ancient bones suggest she was buried in a flood which may also have caused her death.
The remains provide the first evidence of what babies of early human ancestors looked like. The nearly complete skeleton will also provide information about the child's height and structure.
"This child will help us understand a lot about the species to which it belongs," said Alemseged, leader of the international team of scientists who reported the findings in the journal Nature.
"The lower part of the body, which includes the foot, the shin bone and the thigh bone clearly shows us that this species was an upright walking creature," he told Reuters.
But some of the features from the upper part of the body, including the shoulder blade and arms are more ape-like. The fingers are long and curved which suggest she might have been able to swing through trees.
"The finding is the most complete hominid skeleton ever found in the world," Zeresenay Alemseged, who is head of the Paleoanthropological Research Team, told a news conference in Addis Ababa.
He said the fossil was older than the 3.2-million-year-old remains of "Lucy" discovered in 1974 and described by scientists as one of the world's greatest archaeological finds.
"The new bones belong to a three-year-old girl who lived 3.3 million years ago, 150,000 years before Lucy," Zeresenay said.
The fossil has been named "Selam," which means peace in Ethiopia's official Amharic language.
JUVENILE "LUCY"
Dr Simon Underdown of Oxford Brookes University in England described it as a massively exciting discovery of a juvenile "Lucy." "This tremendous fossil will make us challenge many of the ideas we have about how and why we came to walk on two feet," he said.
An analysis of the sediment in which the remains were found enabled researchers to build a picture of the type of environment in which the child lived.
It was a lush area with flowing water, forests and grassland which was also affected by volcanic eruptions. The range of habitats was suitable for hippos, crocodiles and relatives of the wildebeest.
"We can see from the sediment that the region was very much characterized by a mosaic of environment that ranged from forests and woodlands near the rivers, to seasonally flooded grasslands to a flood plain that would have supported more open vegetation," said Dr Jonathan Wynn of the University of South Florida who dated the sediments surrounding the remains.
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