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アメリカ式の大本営発表である。
米軍「国際世論誘導の心理戦」日本語・英語記事を一挙に紹介する。
湾岸戦争でも駆使された奥の手だが、拙著『湾岸報道に偽りあり』の該当箇所を始めとして、以下、関連の日本語・英語記事を、一挙に紹介する。
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http://www.jca.apc.org/~altmedka/gulfw-11.html
『湾岸報道に偽りあり』
隠された十数年来の米軍事計画に迫る
(その11)「嘘、忌わしい嘘」で固めた「軍事発表」は謀略宣伝の必然
[中略]
湾岸戦争で駆使された情報操作がいかに組織的なものであったかについては、すでに多くの指摘がある。なかでも、フランスの女性記者シャンタル・ドゥ・リュデールのアメリカ取材報告「巨大情報操作」（『朝日ジャーナル』91・７・26）は優れている。現代アメリカのコミュニケーション・広報技術は、広告宣伝、選挙戦を通じて高度に発達している。ついには軍人ですら、「大佐が将官に昇格する時、六ヵ月にわたって『教化授業』を受ける」に至ったのである。
軍人が広報技術を駆使して「売る」商品は「戦争」以外にない。問題は、それを誰が、いつ、いかなるメディアを使い、どうやってチェックするか、である。
[後略]
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http://news.livedoor.com/webapp/journal/cid__1555352/detail
海外総合
米軍、国際世論誘導の心理戦開始へ＝外国メディアで主張展開、情報源秘匿の場合も
【ワシントン１４日】米国防総省当局者は、米軍がテロとの戦いに関する国際社会の世論に影響を及ぼすため、３億ドル（約３６０億円）をかけて、外国メディアで米軍の主張を展開する心理作戦を開始することを明らかにした。（写真は韓国・ソウルの鉄道駅でブッシュ大統領の演説をテレビで見る市民）
国防総省報道官は作戦の目的について、事実に基づいた情報を一定の透明性をもって提供することにあると指摘している。
同報道官は、この計画を担う心理戦の専門家が、情報源は米政府であることを明かさないで外国メディアにメッセージを載せるのを許可されているのかどうかは明確にしていない。しかし、ＵＳＡトゥデー紙によると、統合心理作戦支援部のマーク・ファーロング氏は、情報源が必ずしも明示されないと語っている。
同氏は「製品には『米国製』のラベルは付いていないかもしれないが、ジャーナリストから尋ねられたら正直に答える」と話した。同氏によれば、この作戦はテレビ、ラジオ、新聞、ウェブサイトを対象としており、記事や広告、公共広告の形で流す。
米国では最近、米軍が金を払ってイラクのメディアに情報源を伏せて記事を載せていたと伝えられ、調査が進んでいる。この問題で記事の提供を請け負っていた国防総省の契約企業リンカーン・グループが、この心理作戦でも３つの契約者の中に入っている。
５年間の契約は６月に結ばれ、特殊作戦司令部には作戦遂行の許可も下りているが、同報道官によれば、まだ作戦の進め方に関する計画を練っている段階という。報道官は、世界中の国で米国や対テロ戦について真実ではなかったり、不正確で有害であったりする事柄が発信されていると主張。事実に基づく反論の必要性を強調した。〔ＡＦＰ＝時事〕
2005年12月15日14時09分 時事通信社
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http://news.yahoo.com/s/usatoday/pentagonrollsoutstealthpr
Pentagon rolls out stealth PR
By Matt Kelley, USA TODAY
Wed Dec 14, 6:43 AM ET
A $300 million
Pentagon psychological warfare operation includes plans for placing pro-American messages in foreign media outlets without disclosing the U.S. government as the source, one of the military officials in charge of the program says.
Run by psychological warfare experts at the U.S. Special Operations Command, the media campaign is being designed to counter terrorist ideology and sway foreign audiences to support American policies. The military wants to fight the information war against al-Qaeda through newspapers, websites, radio, television and "novelty items" such as T-shirts and bumper stickers.
The program will operate throughout the world, including in allied nations and in countries where the United States is not involved in armed conflict.
The description of the program by Mike Furlong, deputy director of the Joint Psychological Operations Support Element, provides the most detailed look to date at the Pentagon's global campaign.
The three companies handling the campaign include the Lincoln Group, the company being investigated by the Pentagon for paying Iraqi newspapers to run pro-U.S. stories. (Related story: Contracts for pro-U.S. propaganda)
Military officials involved with the campaign say they're not planning to place false stories in foreign news outlets clandestinely. But the military won't always reveal its role in distributing pro-American messages, Furlong says.
"While the product may not carry the label, 'Made in the USA,' we will respond truthfully if asked" by journalists, Furlong told USA TODAY in a videoconference interview.
He declined to give examples of specific "products," which he said would include articles, advertisements and public-service announcements.
The military's communications work in Iraq has recently drawn controversy with disclosures that Lincoln Group and the U.S. military secretly paid journalists and news outlets to run pro-American stories.
White House officials have expressed concern about the practice, even when the stories are true.
National security adviser Stephen Hadley said President Bush was "very troubled" by activities in Iraq and would stop them if they hurt efforts to build independent news media in Iraq. The military started its own probe.
It's legal for the government to plant propaganda in other countries but not in the USA. The White House referred requests for comment about the contracts to the Pentagon, where officials did not respond.
Special Operations Command awarded three contracts worth up to $100 million each for the media campaign in June. Besides the Lincoln Group, the contractors are Science Applications International Corp. (SAIC) of San Diego and SYColeman of Washington.
SAIC and Lincoln Group spokesmen declined to comment on the contract. Rick Kiernan, a spokesman for SYColeman, says its work for Special Operations Command is "more in the world of advertising."
Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld has emphasized that Washington must promote its message better. "The worst about America and our military seems to so quickly be taken as truth by the press and reported and spread around the world," he said last week.
The Iraq example may cause Arabs to doubt any pro-American messages, says Jumana al-Tamimi, an editor for the Gulf News, an English-language newspaper published in the United Arab Emirates.
Placing pro-U.S. content in foreign media "makes people suspicious of the open press," says Ken Bacon, a Clinton administration Pentagon spokesman who heads the non-profit group Refugees International.
No contractor for the global program has made a final product, Furlong says. Approval will come from Rumsfeld's office and regional commanders. Some of the development work is classified.
"Sometimes it's not good to signal ... what your plans are," he says.
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http://english.people.com.cn/200512/15/eng20051215_228197.html
UPDATED: 09:21, December 15, 2005
Psychological war costs US $400m
WASHINGTON: A US$400 million Pentagon psychological warfare operation includes plans to place pro-American messages in foreign media outlets without disclosing the US Government as the source, USA Today reported yesterday.
Citing one of the military officials in charge of the programme, the newspaper said the media campaign was being designed to counter terrorist ideology and sway foreign audiences to support US policies.
The report said the programme, run by psychological warfare experts at the US Special Operations Command, would operate throughout the world, including in allied nations and in countries where the United States is not involved in armed conflict.
The description of the programme by Mike Furlong, deputy director of the Joint Psychological Operations Support Element, provides the most detailed look to date at the Pentagon's global campaign, USA Today said.
The newspaper said the three companies handling the campaign include the Lincoln Group, a company under investigation by the Pentagon for paying Iraqi newspapers to run pro-US stories.
Military officials involved with the campaign said they did not plan to place false stories in foreign news outlets clandestinely. But Furlong told the newspaper that the military would not always reveal its role in distributing pro-American messages.
"While the product may not carry the label, 'Made in the USA,' we will respond truthfully if asked" by journalists, Furlong told the newspaper in a videoconference interview.
The newspaper said Furlong declined to give examples of specific products, which he said would include articles, advertisements and public service announcements.
A Pentagon spokesman was not immediately available for comment.
NBC: Pentagon may be spying on US anti-war activists
The Pentagon has a secret database that indicates the US military may be collecting information on Americans who oppose the Iraq War and may be also monitoring peace demonstrations, NBC reported on Tuesday.
The database, obtained by the network, lists 1,500 "suspicious incidents" across the United States over a 10-month period and includes four dozen anti-war meetings or protests, some aimed at military recruiting, NBC's Nightly News said.
The network said the document was the first inside look at how the Pentagon has stepped up intelligence collection in the United States since the September 11, 2001, attacks.
The report quoted what it said was a secret briefing document as concluding: "We have noted increased communication between protest groups using the Internet," but not a "significant connection" between incidents.
Americans have been wary of any monitoring of anti-war activities since the Viet Nam era when it was learned that the Pentagon spied on anti-war and civil rights groups and individuals. Congress held hearings in the 1970s and recommended strict limits on military spying inside the United States.
Source: China Daily
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http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1215/dailyUpdate.html
posted December 15, 2005 at 11:30 a.m.
Pentagon accused of spying on Americans
Officials will say they will review program that collects data on opponents of the war.
By Tom Regan | csmonitor.com
NBC News reported earlier this week that it had obtained a secret US Department of Defense document that shows the department is now monitoring "peaceful anti-war and counter-military recruitment groups." Today, The Washington Post reports that Pentagon officials say they will review the program, since NBC's document shows that information has been collected on "peace protesters and others whose activities posed no threat and should not have been kept on file." Pentagon officials say the information collection was aimed at countering terrorism.
"On the surface, it looks like things in the database that were determined not to be viable threats were never deleted but should have been," [a senior defense department official] said. "You can also make the argument that these things should never have been put in the database in the first place until they were confirmed as threats."
The program is known as "Talon," and is supposed to compile unconfirmed reports of threats to defense facilities. The Post reports that the program is "part of a broader effort by the Pentagon to gather counterterrorism intelligence within the United States," and has raised concerns for civil libertarians and members of Congress recently. Any information that is not considered threatening is supposed to be removed from the Talon database within 90 days.
The Palm Beach Post reports on The Truth Project of Lake Worth, Florida, one of the groups considered a threat according to the Talon database. The group consists of about 20 people, including five Quakers and a 79-year old grandmother. Their original meeting, held in 2004 at the local Quaker meeting house, was one of 1,500 "suspicious" incidents in the database.
"When we saw (the database), our eyes fell out of our heads," said [Evelyn Grachow,], of West Palm Beach. "We really couldn't believe what we were seeing, because all we do is give information to the young people in high schools who have been harassed by recruiters. There is never talk of our doing violence."
Lisa Stewart, a Quaker who attended the Truth Project meeting, said the Quakers investigated the group before allowing them to use the meetinghouse. She said she shares the group's concern that a draft might be instituted during the Iraq war and wanted to find ways to deter students from enlisting. "I just wanted to make sure this group was on the up and up and they weren't a bunch of hotheads," said Stewart, 68, a member of The Truth Project. "They were very much in keeping with (Quaker) principles."
NBC military analyst Bill Arkin says all Americans should be concerned by the Pentagon's actions.
“It means that they’re actually collecting information about who’s at those protests, the descriptions of vehicles at those protests,” says Arkin. “On the domestic level, this is unprecedented,” he says. “I think it's the beginning of enormous problems and enormous mischief for the military.”
Columnist Arianna Huffington, writing in the Los Angeles Times, notes that it's not just the Pentagon that's been watching antiwar demonstrations, as "documents recently obtained under the Freedom of Information Act show that the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force has been recording the names and license plate numbers of peaceful antiwar protesters."
It wasn't that long ago that [former FBI director J. Edgar Hoover's] notorious COINTELPRO program was illegally infiltrating Students for a Democratic Society and setting out to destroy the reputations and lives of "Negro radicals" such as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
Our government lied, cheated, harassed, intimidated, burglarized, vandalized, framed and spread false rumors ― to say nothing of keeping voluminous files on everyone from John Lennon to Lucille Ball ― in an effort to quash legitimate dissent against the Vietnam War and the racist practices of the South. We can't let it happen again.
The Associated Press reports that in a statement announcing the review of 'Talon,' the Pentagon stopped short of acknowledging any fault, but hinted that some information had been mishandled.
The Pentagon said Stephen Cambone, the undersecretary of defense for intelligence, ordered a full review of the system for handling such information to ensure that it complies with Pentagon policies and federal law. Cambone also ordered a review of whether Pentagon polices are being applied properly with respect to reporting and storing information about "US persons" - people, not necessarily US citizens, inside the United States. And he ordered the database to be reviewed "to identify any other information that is improperly in the database," according to the Pentagon statement.
Meanwhile, USA Today reports on the Pentagon's $300 million psychological warfare operation includes plans for placing pro-American messages in foreign media outlets without disclosing the US government as the source, according to one of the military officials in charge of the program.
Run by psychological warfare experts at the US Special Operations Command, the media campaign is being designed to counter terrorist ideology and sway foreign audiences to support American policies. The military wants to fight the information war against al-Qaeda through newspapers, websites, radio, television and "novelty items" such as T-shirts and bumper stickers.
The program will operate throughout the world, including in allied nations and in countries where the United States is not involved in armed conflict.
Military officials say that, while they will not plant false stories, they will not always reveal their role in distributing pro-US messages ﾐ unless they are directly asked by journalists.
USA Today also reports on the three companies that have won five-year contracts from the US military, at $20 million a year, to "develop slogans, advertisements, newspaper articles, radio spots and television programs to build support for US policies overseas." Documents show that companies bidding for the contract were worried about media scrutiny.
During the bidding process for federal contracts, potential contractors can ask questions and make suggestions that are answered by contracting officials. One question for this contract was whether the command would "protect them from US and foreign media inquiries into this project." The command said it would follow the law but consult with contractors before answering requests for details filed under the Freedom of Information Act.
The media campaign hasn't begun, and the military has spent only $700,000 on the project so far, according to US officials with the project.
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