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「サドル、シーア派にスペイン軍への攻撃中止を呼びかけ」「国防相、本日撤退の詳細を発表」その他（エル・パイス）
ここのところ何かと注目されるスペインで、忙しくてしょうがない。本日朝のエル・パイス電子版の記事からお知らせします。予定を早めて正式に新首相に就任したサパテロのイラクからの撤退方針がさまざまな反響を各界に投げかけ、一方で「テロに対する国内の整備」が徐々に進んでいるようです。とりあえず、見出しと要点のみ。
●『ムクタダ・アル・サドル、シーア派にスペイン軍への攻撃中止を呼びかけ』
シーア派強硬派リーダー、ムクタダ・アル・サドル師は、サパテロ首相がイラク南部ディワニージャとナジャフに駐留する１３００人のスペイン人部隊を即時撤退させる発表を行ったことに関連し、スペイン軍への攻撃の中止を各派閥に呼びかけた。
http://www.elpais.es/articuloCompleto.html?xref=20040419elpepuint_1&type=Tes&anchor=elpporesp
●『国防相、本日、撤退の詳細を発表の予定』
国防相ホセ・ボノは本日、昨日のサパテロ首相の撤退方針を実現させるための計画の詳細を、本日の国会で他の政治党派に知らせるために、発表する予定である。現在のところ、政府はクウエートにいる２００名の交代要員を、そのまま待機させている。
http://www.elpais.es/articuloCompleto.html?d_date=&xref=20040419elpepunac_1&type=Tes&anchor=elpporesp
この詳細については今日の夜の報道に詳しく載っているでしょうから、あとでまたお知らせします。
●『モラティノス、撤退が米西関係に影響を及ぼすことはありえない』
外相ミゲル・アンヘル・モラティノス（５２）は、本紙記者との対談で、スペインの即時撤退方針がアメリカとスペインの関係に悪影響を及ぼすことはありえないこと、アメリカよりもＥＵとの関係を優先させること、などの方針を語った。
http://www.elpais.es/articuloCompleto.html?xref=20040419elpepinac_10&type=Tes&anchor=elpporesp
この対談については、今は翻訳する余裕がありませんので、この投稿の最後に英訳【機械翻訳】を載せておきます。いずれにせよ、このスペインの「早期撤退計画」は急に出てきたことではなく、相当に前からの、米国ともＥＵ幹部とも入念な打ち合わせを済ませてから発表されたことであり、今後の世界情勢の中で極めて重要な役割をするのではないか、と感じています。
●『ラホイ、撤退の決定はスペインをテロに対してますます弱くする』
最大野党の国民党の代表マリアノ・ラホイは、昨日サパテロが発表したイラク即時撤退方針に対して、これは２千６百万人のイラク国民に対しての冷たい行為であり、スペインをテロに対してますますひ弱な国にしてしまうものだ、と非難した。
http://www.elpais.es/articuloCompleto.html?xref=20040419elpepinac_6&type=Tes&anchor=elpporesp
まあ、彼としてはそう言い続けるしかないでしょうね。次は国内のことですが、
●『「指揮権の統一」に対して国家防衛隊と警察の中に不信が増大』
新政府が打ち出した国家警察と国家防衛隊の仕事を一致協力させるための指揮権の統一方針（地方警察は含まれず）は、これらの機構の中に多くの不安と不信を招いている。内相のホセ・アントニオ・アロンソはすでにこの統一作業のトップの人事を決めており、明日発表される。しかしこの二つの機構の業務を協力させることは、他に各自治体警察を抱えていることもあり、多くの困難に直面することと予想される。
http://www.elpais.es/articuloCompleto.html?xref=20040419elpepinac_11&type=Tes&anchor=elpepiesp
スペインの警察機構は、従来、非常に複雑です。まず国防相管轄（つまり軍の一部としての）国家防衛隊があり、これは国家全体の機能に影響を及ぼすテロや麻薬取引などの広域犯罪を担当します。また高速道路などの管理もここが行います。次に、内務省の管轄で国家警察があり、これは同様にテロや麻薬、広域窃盗団などに対応しますが、このように国家警察と国家防衛隊の作業が重なっており、それぞれの縄張り争いなどもあって、有効に動いていない、という批判は以前からありました。
次に各自治体も警察機構を持っており、特にカタルーニャとバスクは「民族警察」とも言える特別な装置を作っています。これがまたＥＴＡなどに対して国家警察や国家防衛隊との確執を生み、極めて面倒な自体を作っているわけです。おまけにその他にそれぞれの地区や大都市で独自に警察（多くが交通警官）を持っているため、なにか犯罪が起こったときに、どこに連絡すればよいのかウロウロしなければなりません。
これを「対テロ」のレベルで統一しよう、という国内再編の一環なのですが、既得権を主張する双方への調整は、相当に大変でしょうね。しかしそれでも、着々と「新しい体制」が作られていっているようです。あとはＥＵ全体の警察機構の連結、そして諜報機関同士の連絡体制作りが進められていくことになるでしょう。
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エル・パイス記者と新外相との対談（英文：機械翻訳）
INTERVIEW:
Miguel Moratinos Angel - Minister of Outer Subjects
"La retired does not have to affect the relation with EE UU"
The diplomat Miguel Angel Moratinos, born in Madrid for 52 years, has been the member of the Government who, in his quality of minister of Outer Subjects, will have to manage 'dossieres' both; in principle more problematic of the new Cabinet, the retirement of the Spanish troops of Iraq and the return to a policy that gives priority to Europe on the U.S.A.
Miguel Angel Moratinos, who will today take possession like minister from Outer Subjects, maintains the project to travel tomorrow to Washington to approach with the advisor of national security, Condoleezza Rice, and the Secretary of State, Colin Powell, the consequences of the immediate retirement of the Spanish troops, announced unexpectedly yesterday by the president of the Government, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero. The new Spanish minister personally anticipated the decision to Powell in a telephone conversation maintained yesterday by the morning, and he reiterated his intention to him to visit Wednesday to him, in the confidence of which the appointment stays.
Question.
It had not been more logical to wait for the results of his visit to Washington to announce the return of the troops?
Answer.
The case is that we have preferred not to maintain more doubts and uncertainties on our attitude. We had already had consultations with high people in charge of United Nations, in individual one long telephone conversation mine of Saturday with Lajdar Brahimi, envoy to Iraq of the Secretary General, Kofi Annan, and with other important partners. What all said is that it is very difficult that the UN assumes the total political responsibility and the military direction of which it happens in Iraq after the crossing from powers to the Iraquian Government, the 30 of June.
Q
And those are the minimum conditions that Spain of a possible resolution of the Security Council hoped?
A
Those are the conditions to which we committed ourselves with the Spanish electorate, and, therefore, it is not that they are minimum or maximum, are the conditions.
Q
In the past it was indicated that, although NATO assumes the military direction in Iraq, the control of troops, in the same way who the main contingent, would continue being probably American. However, the problem is that, over that control, it must have a military committee integrated by representatives of several countries, and Washington does not seem to accept it. Had not been able to be now an adjustment on those lines?
A
It seems to be that, indeed, the Americans do not accept it. But the essential element is double: one, the politician, the presence of United Nations, and another one the military man. In first, it is necessary to state, with enormous deception and sadness, that nowadays take place the conditions not even so that the UN can assume its responsibilities and go to Iraq. We see with enormous difficulty, as the president in the investiture debate said, that this can change and that United Nations is implied. What it does not mean, and the president also said it in the debate, that we wash the hands. We are going to have a constructive attitude and activates in United Nations to change the present situation and to allow that, at its moment, we hope that is the sooner, the UN can recover the political presence in all the process. Soon it is the military element, that includes the mandate of United Nations, a second level, that is the one of the direction, and soon the control on the territory. He has, then, many formulas, that have still not studied. What until now we have heard is that, at the moment, the United States it does not seem arranged to change the present structure of the presence of which we can denominate the multinational forces in Iraq, and that we considered it like a question, an uncertainty, that, in the present circumstances, of here to the 30 of June, was not going to allow to us to consider that a substantial change of the situation has taken place.
Q
Some authorized analyst has also written who the test of the nine of the possible resolution of the Council, the one who without a doubt would allow the presence of the Spanish troops, would be that that creates conditions in which France and Germany could send troops.
A
Good, the truth is that my informal contacts with French and German we have not entered these details. What yes I have verified, as much in France as in Germany, is a will to work jointly in United Nations to create a different dynamics. We have not entered to discuss the eventuality of an unfolding of troops, but, in the short term, I do not see it. Soon, if it changes the model, everything is possible, but short term I do not create it.
Q
Its visit to Washington of Tuesday considers already with another perspective. It is going to propose to Powell alternative formulas to him of cooperation in Iraq to the military man?
A
Yes, we are going to approach the possibilities that we have. There was a Conference of Donors that was celebrated in Madrid, with commitments already acquired, and those commitments we are going them to maintain. It is necessary to see how we can carry out a humanitarian aid that is truely humanitarian, and that, therefore, which is not confused with is the military presence in the zone, as well as which are the conditions so that that aid can arrive at the own Iraquians. Also what it must be political contribution in the debate of United Nations and the European Union, or the possible Spanish contribution so that Arab countries, bordering countries of Iraq, can find formulas alternative to leave this jam. France finishes sending the idea of an international conference so that the different groups and Iraquians communities can approach politician the future. We will support all initiative to leave this crossroads, but we are not wanted to move away of the frame of United Nations, that I believe that she must be essential. Also we will see what possibilities we must to contribute in the future, with no need maintain a physical presence of troops in Iraq. It is possible to be formed police, is possible to be formed to security forces, are possible to be made many contributions positive so that the own Iraquians are consolidating their process of statehood, that is what lack does at the moment.
Q
Think that there are reasons to fear the reaction from the U.S.A. to the retirement of the troops?
A
I believe that no. This decision would not have to affect the bilateral relations. Spain and the United States have sufficient strategic density in its relation like being able to understand what they are positions that come justified by a majority will from each one of the countries. The United States is a country where the triumph of the democracy is essential, and where it is understood perfectly that, when there is a majority will of the democratically expressed Spanish society in the elections, is necessary to respect it and to support it, as we understand the policies of the United States that has been put under an electoral sieve. In addition, we much more have an ample and attractive agenda to means and length term. Difference fundamental, that it is what I am going to try to explain our American friends, is that, with our proposals, we are going to try to as much give to greater content and greater result to the bilateral agenda as to the agenda between the United States and Europe. It is truth that, perhaps in the short term, would seem attractive much more seeing that president Aznar went to the Latin American capitals trying to influence the different leaders from the region so that they changed his vote in favor of a position; or it is truth that, in the Arab world, seemed that the trips, as much of my predecessor as of president Aznar, had great impact. But I am convinced that a position of greater mutual respect, greater understanding, gives valuable results soon much more to which is that relation and to which they are the common objectives that they have Spain, Europe and the United States.
Q
However, it is necessary to state that the American mass media are very powerful and that as much France as Germany has undergone campaigns to harm their commercial image and boycottings.
A
Good yes, but we have, not only the guarantee, but the force that gives 11 million votes of Spaniards, and, mainly, a position that we considered that he is most reasonable. If in the short term we received critics or cartoons, they will assume themselves with the best smile and without the will to give tumbles. We have a very clear objective and that course we are going it to maintain.
Q
President Zapatero said in Cortes that Spain will continue being the first ally in the antiterrorist fight, but you have announced a change of strategic concept in that field. President Aznar said, for example, that all the terrorisms are equal, no that there are to study the causes of the terrorism, but simply to defeat it. You share those criteria?
A
I believe that the concept is the same one. President Zapatero in that was forceful. He said that there are no distinctions on terrorism, and that cannot be justified no type of terrorism, and even that is not arranged to enter the causes of the terrorism. What yes it said is that there are some conflicts or some situations that facilitate the one that that terrorism is developed. And also it said that there are some political or conflicting situations, in that are terrorism acts and soon it can have acts of resistance to an occupation, but that the manifestation is not the same one and that, therefore, we do not have to enter this distinction. Where yes we separated is in the instruments to fight the terrorisms, in the rejection of the preventive war.
Q
Also, perhaps, in the promotion of policies to modify the circumstances that can serve as broth of culture for the terrorism?
A
Yes, of course. It would be necessary to have in consideration, although soon many they are going to me to say that I am putting in danger the western democracy, that if we did not solve the Israeli-Palestinian problem, we will continue having a culture broth there.
Q
The proposal that made Aznar of which the Antiterrorist Committee of the UN elaborates a universal list of terrorist organizations is blocked because there is no consensus on a definition of which it is terrorism. They are going to continue impelling it?
A
I believe that the lists are positive. It they have been in Europe. What lack does is to create the consensus. In Europe one has obtained, and i myself I proposed that it was included to Hamás in the list. Evidently, it is more difficult to obtain that consensus in United Nations, but there is an absolute and high-priority sensitivity to unite efforts to fight the international terrorism, and I believe that every time will be more difficult that some States put difficulties or they refuse to that unamimity in the definition.
Q
They are going to maintain the candidacy of Javier Rupérez for the presidency of the Antiterrorist Committee of the UN?
A
Yes, yes, already we have done it. Javier Rupérez has all the favorable elements to be an excellent candidate. It has a personal trajectory, unfortunately [ Rúperez was kidnapped by ETA in 1979 ], and also by their international trajectory that, luckily, has allowed to know and to defend an antiterrorist position him that it represents a policy of State around which we must be all absolutely united.
Q
Returning to Near East, must Spain look for an own paper in the peace process or act solely in the context of the European Union?
A
Spain it cannot be an unilateral actor, who by his own capacity can play a key role in the resolution of conflicts. Spain must be present in Europe and, within Europe, to carry out what, without doubt, it has like catalytic element of which has been its history, its present, its capacity of negotiation and the attraction in the zone. We have, therefore, that to be an active element in the UE for, first, to formulate policies, and, soon, at instrumental level, to take to end initiatives that, in some cases will lead us to an extraordinary protagonism, as it were the Conference of Madrid, and in others to a much more discreet protagonism.
Q
It does not seem, nevertheless, that it is left much margin for the negotiation, from the moment at which president George Bush totally supports the unilateralism of prime minister Ariel Sharon.
A
There are positive parts in this last agreement, like the Israeli will to retire of Gaza, that logically we want that it is framed in the Trip ticket of the Quartet, that is not unilateral. He is also positive that the president of the U.S.A. has reaffirmed his commitment with the vision of which the solution must happen through two States. What there is to clarify is the demarcation of borders, and there Europe will not admit more solution than what is the international legality. The borders previous to 1967 continue being the European datum point. If the parts decide modifications, the international community will approve it, but it must come from a negotiation of the parts.
Q
Changing of land, what says to them to those who maintains that you are going to place to Spain to the tail of France and Germany?
A
That it is not thus. He is all the opposite. We are going away to place in which it is the central nucleus of the European construction. I believe that Spain which has been in the last years old is an exclusion position, of absence, of participation in which I have not denominated in many occasions the strategic decisions of the UE. The candidate said in the investiture debate that what is good for Europe is good for Spain, and, for me, the saddest moment, than surprised to me of all the debate, was that applause more, we say visceral, like of the average hatred, when it was spoken of France and Germany [ Mariano Rajoy asked in provoking tone: " Who defines the European interest? France and Germany?", and ] was applauded by the deputies of the PP. Those of the PP responded as if we were in the War of the One hundred Years. I did not think that that political group lived in the caverns of history, because it is to be in the caverns of Europe, nowadays, not to understand what they have contributed France and Germany to the European construction, to La Paz in Europe, the European development, the antiterrorist cooperation of France, for example.
Q
Do not create you in the risk of armor-piercing cores or directory, by which few countries arroguen the decision power on the European subjects?
A
No, I believe that in which is working now it is indeed in breaking that idea of directory and that Spain has its capacity of decision and weight in the important decisions. I think that not only we are not going to have no difficulty in presenting/displaying what is going to be the agreement of the European Constitution, that is going to be an historical agreement, but that the PP will have to support to us as we supported to him in their negotiation, or rather in his position, because the problem is that, until now, there was no negotiation. And I believe that there will be no difficulties in demonstrating to the Spanish citizenship that Spain has left reinforced.
Q
The Government is going to defend, then, the maintenance of the power that Spain has at this moment in the Council, or no?
A
Of the power, yes. Of the decision capacity, also. Of which they do not occur account is of which the Treaty of Nize no longer defends nobody to it. Not even they themselves.
Q
Good, yes as reference of the initiative capacity and blockade that there is to conserve.
A
That yes, that will stay. The power in that sense will stay, which happens is that the mechanism will be different because we go to the double majority and will be other instruments.
Q
In its opinion, this extended and constitutionalist Europe must be a moderating or compensating element of the international policy of the U.S.A.?
A
It must doubtlessly exert a paper of interlocution with the U.S.A., because we are the two great strategic poles. The United States and Europe must to assume his responsibilities in this world globalized, because we have, not only responsibility institutional and, in inverted commas, of to be able, but because we also have the financial standings and economic to regulate what is east world, that does not offer an extraordinarily encouraging panorama to us, but all the opposite. If there is no strategic dialogue between the U.S.A. and the UE, many of the problems of which we are speaking, like the one of Iraq or the one of the hunger in the world, continues being developed of very unequal way and with many difficulties. Europe does not have to oppose itself to the United States. I believe that the moment has arrived for creating the New West, where we would have to change what they were the relations of being able, first, historically, under the European colonial presence; soon they came pax American, and now we return again to the hyperpower and the Europe that is being constructed. But we cannot either forget that there are other sets in the western world that they have to contribute to the construction of world a shared in common, constructive and much more much more much more responsible. And that is a reflection that the U.S.A. and the UE must do jointly.
Q
Would say you who, in that interlocution, the differences can be as enriching as the agreement points?
A
Yes Man, we must go to that there are more coincidences than differences, but the differences can be positive, because the ideal would be to find a division of papers, a complementariness, since, in some areas, Europe it has greater capacity of influence and to guarantee results and, in others, the U.S.A. is essential. Sometimes it is necessary to go of the hand, but we have still not arrived at that degree of mutual acceptance. In Europe much antiamericanism still exists and in the U.S.A. a certain scorn exists towards the European Constitution, that bothers, as if we were ungrateful as if we had not understood the American contribution.
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