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◇◆ 「米軍攻撃は減った」と言われるなか、米軍以外が矢面に
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イラクで月間の犠牲者最多、占領軍１０５人が死亡
インディペンデント（英） １２月１日
By Phil Reeves in Baghdad and Rupert Cornwell in Washington
http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=468919
アメリカがイラク侵攻と占領を主導して以後、もっとも大量の血が流
された先月、緻密に計算されたことが明らかな週末の攻撃で反抗勢
力は５ヵ国１４人を殺して惨憺たる結末となった。ブッシュ大統領が感
謝祭にイラクを短時間訪問したあと、彼の敵対勢力は兵士、外交官、
軍の諜報機関員、契約した民間人を死亡させるという応酬に出た。
アメリカの同盟諸国は、占領に反対するイラク内の反対勢力を勢い
づかせる攻撃の矢面に立つことになった。この最新の死者によって、
１１月のイラクにおける合同軍兵士の死亡者数はこれまでで最高の
１０５人に達した。そのうち７５人がアメリカ軍兵士、２６人は同盟軍の
兵士だ。
この数字には、ナーシリーヤの自爆トラックで吹き飛ばされた１９人
のイタリア兵と、ミサイル攻撃が契機となったと言われる事故で２機の
米軍ヘリ・ブラックホークが墜落したさいに死亡したアメリカ兵１７人が
含まれている。これは月ごとの犠牲者数としては３月２０日の開戦以
降では最大のもので、厳格な統計はゲリラ戦が制御可能だとするアメ
リカ軍の主張が偽りであることを証明することになった。
先月のアフガニスタンで死亡した６人のアメリカ兵を加えるならば、
アメリカ軍にとって先月１１月は、湾岸戦争のさなか１６２人のアメリカ
兵が戦死した１９９１年２月以来、最も手痛い打撃を受けた月である。
４８時間のうちに、反抗勢力は韓国の電気技師２人、コロンビアの
契約業者１人、スペイン軍諜報機関員７人、日本人外交官２人、アメ
リカ軍兵士２人を死亡させた。この５件の攻撃は、イラク派遣米軍の
最高指揮官リカルド・サンチェス中将が状況は好転しつつあると断言
した数時間後に起こった。
ブッシュ政府は、イラクでの軍以外およびアメリカ人以外の人員に対
する攻撃の激発を、レジスタンス勢力の計画的な戦術転換だと見てい
る。それはイラクで同盟国とワシントンとの間にクサビを打ちこもうとす
る反対勢力の戦略だと強調する。狙っているのは、最も弱いとみられ
る同盟国を攻撃し、イラクで働く新しい民間人採用を困難にさせ、アメ
リカの同盟国が方針を貫徹するのを危うくさせることだ、と。
アメリカ兵２人が２９日にイラク西部で殺されたものの、アメリカ軍部
隊に対する直接攻撃は１１月後半には少なくなったと言われており、
部分的な要因としては、＜鉄つい作戦＞と名付けられた反対勢力の
鎮圧と、アメリカ軍によってとられた予防措置があげられる。
その結果、イラクに来た外国人（軍・組織）が合同軍に協力するイラ
ク人とならんで攻撃目標にされているのだ。多くの援助団体と国連は
イラクでの活動を閉鎖または縮小してきた。今度は民間人契約者の
方向転換となるかもしれない。
サンチェス中将は一連の攻撃について、週末に次のように語った。
「反対勢力が目標とするところは、住民を脅迫し、恐怖と不確実性を
つくって住民を合同占領軍から遠ざけることだ」と。
この攻撃はアメリカ軍がイラク北部でオサマ・ビン・ラディンのアルカ
イダに参加する３人を捕捉したと発表したときに発生した。ペンタゴン
米国防総省は、「外国人イスラム戦士」がサダム信奉者の最後のあ
がき（＝ラムズフェルドによる表現）と提携している、と、繰り返し主張
してきた。
ブッシュ政府はイラク人への政権移譲を速めようとしている。しか
し、この計画は直接選挙を要求するシーア派指導者アリ・アル・シスタ
ニの反対を受けて複雑な展開になった。このことはアメリカを窮地に
立たせている。シーア派イスラム教徒はイラク人口の６０％を占めて
おり、彼らの要求に屈することはシーア派のイラク統治、おそらくはイ
ランのようなイスラムの神権政治へと道を開くことになりかねないが、
アメリカはそれを望んでいないからだ。
しかし、それを拒絶することは、内戦という亡霊を招き寄せるシーア
派との断絶を引き起こしかねないのである。
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ます。下記ＵＲＬから、誰でも無料購読の申込みができます。
http://www.freeml.com/ctrl/html/MLInfoForm/organizer-news
（日本では報道されにくい重要な情報、分析を中心に紹介します）
Bloodiest month in Iraq leaves 105 troops dead
By Phil Reeves in Baghdad and Rupert Cornwell in Washington
01 December 2003
The bloodiest month since the United States led the invasion and occupation of Iraq has come to a deadly close after insurgents killed 14 people from five nations in a weekend of apparently carefully calculated attacks.
Days after President George Bush slipped briefly into the country on Thanksgiving, his opponents responded by killing civilian contract workers, military intelligence agents, diplomats and soldiers.
Last night, the Americans claimed they had killed 46 Iraqis who were involved in a series of ambushes on US convoys in the central city of Samarra. Eighteen Iraqi fighters and five US soldiers were also injured.
During the past month, however, America's allies bore the brunt of the assaults which were intended to fuel opposition within their countries to the occupation and to hinder efforts to rebuild Iraq. The latest military deaths bring the number of troops to die in November in Iraq to 105 - 79 American soldiers and 26 allied troops - the highest yet. That figure includes 19 Italians blown up in Nasiriyah by a suicide truck bomber, and 17 American soldiers who died when two Black Hawk helicopters crashed in an incident that the US military now say might have started with a missile strike. That is the largest monthly casualty total since the war began on 20 March - a grim statistic that gives the lie to claims by the US military that the guerrilla war is under control.
If the deaths of six US soldiers in Afghanistan last month are added, November was the most costly month for the American military since February 1991, when 162 US troops were killed in the 1990-91 Gulf war. In the space of 48 hours, insurgents killed two South Korean electricians, a Colombian contractor, seven Spanish military intelligence officers, two Japanese diplomats and two American soldiers.
The South Korean electricians became the latest victims when they were shot yesterday in a car while travelling to Tikrit. The attacks - five in all - began several hours after the US's top commander in Iraq, Lieutenant-General Ricardo Sanchez, declared that the situation was getting better.
The Bush administration sees the spate of attacks against non-US and non-military personnel in Iraq as a deliberate shift in tactics by the resistance. The aim is to hit the allies where they are perceived to be weakest, to make it harder to recruit civilians to work in Iraq and to undermine the resolve of America's allies to stay the course.
Until last night's attack, direct attacks against US troops were thought to have declined in the second half of November, partly in response to Iron Hammer, an operation to stamp out insurgents,and partly thanks to tighter precautions taken by American troops. As a result, foreign elements in Iraq are being targeted along with Iraqis who co-operate with the allies.
The United Nations and many aid groups have shut down or scaled back operations; now it may be the turn of civilian contractors. Lt-Gen Sanchez said of the 14 deaths: "The insurgents' goal was to intimidate the population, to create fear and uncertainty and drive people away from the coalition." The attacks came as American forces claimed to have captured three members of Osama bin Laden's al-Qa'ida in northern Iraq. The Pentagon has claimed that "foreign fighters" are working with what Donald Rumsfeld, the US Defence Secretary, calls "dead-ender" Saddam loyalists.
The Bush administration has sought to speed up the transfer of political responsibility to Iraqis. But these plans are complicated by opposition from the senior Shia cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who wants direct elections.
That presents Washington with a dilemma. The Shias constitute 60 per cent of the population, and yielding to their demands might pave the way to a Shia-ruled Iraq, conceivably an Islamic theocracy along similar lines to Iran, which the US does not want. But to refuse could provoke a breach with the Shias, raising the spectre of a civil war in the future.
A month of casualties
30 November: Two South Korean workers killed near Tikrit.
29 November: Seven Spanish intelligence officers killed and one wounded near Hillah; two Japanese diplomats and their Iraqi driver killed near Tikrit; two American soldiers killed near the Syrian border; one Colombian contractor killed and two wounded near Balad.
28 November: US soldier killed when rebels shelled a military base in Mosul; a second US soldier died from gunshot wounds.
27 November: A US soldier found dead in his barracks in Ramadi from a gunshot wound.
26 November: A US soldier found dead in Mosul.
23 November: Five US soldiers killed in three separate incidents. One died when his patrol vehicle rolled into a canal. Another from the 4th Infantry Division killed by an explosive device in Baqubah. Three killed in West Mosul.
22 November: Two US soldiers from the 1st Armoured Division killed in a traffic accident near Baghdad airport.
21 November: Two US soldiers killed. One from the 4th Infantry Division drowned when his vehicle rolled into a canal in Tikrit; another from the division is killed by an explosive device near Ghalibiyah.
20 November: Soldier from the 82nd Airborne Division killed in a bomb attack near Ramadi.
17 November: Three soldiers killed. One from the 1st Armoured Division died in non-hostile gunfire in Baghdad, another from the 4th Infantry Division killed by a bomb in Balad and another from the division killed in a grenade attack on a patrol in Abu Shukayr.
15 November: Seventeen soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division killed when two Black Hawk helicopters are brought down in Mosul. A soldier from the 1st Armoured Division killed by an explosive device in the Azamiyah area of Baghdad.
14 November: A soldier from the 1st Armoured Division killed by an explosive device in central Baghdad. Special Operations Force soldier dies when his vehicle struck a landmine. Two Task Force Ironhorse soldiers killed when their convoy was attacked with explosives north of Samarra.
12 November: Nineteen Italians killed when a suicide bomber drives a petrol tanker into the Italian base in Nasiriyah. A soldier from the 1st Armoured Division was killed by a bomb in Baghdad.
11 November: One member of Task Force Ironhorse killed when his vehicle struck an explosive device north of Baghdad. Another from the 1st Armoured Division killed by an explosive device in Baghdad.
10 November: One US Military Police Brigade soldier killed in rocket-propelled grenade attack west of Iskandariyah.
9 November: A US soldier from the 18th Military Police Brigade killed in a grenade attack west of Iskandariyah.
8 November: A member of the 1st Armoured Division killed by an explosive device in the Wehda district of Baghdad. A soldier from the 82nd Airborne Division killed near Fallujah.
7 November: Six soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division killed when their helicopter caught fire on landing near Tikrit. A member of the 101st Airborne Division killed during a grenade attack in Mosul.
6 November: One soldier from the 3rd Armoured Division, the Cavalry Regiment, killed when a military truck hit a landmine on a border road near Husaybah. Another from the 101st Airborne Division killed by an explosive device east of Mosul.
5 November: A US soldier from the 82nd Airborne Division killed and two wounded during a grenade attack on a patrol near Mahmudiyah.
4 November: One soldier from the 1st Armoured Division died from non-hostile gunshot wounds sustained in Iraq. A second killed by an explosive device in Baghdad.
3 November: US soldier from the 4th Infantry Division killed by an explosive device in Tikrit.
2 November: Fifteen soldiers killed when their helicopter was shot down near Amiryah. A US soldier from the 1st Armoured Division dies from wounds sustained in an explosives attack in Baghdad.
1 November: Two soldiers from the 101st Airborne Division killed by an explosive device near Mosul.
http://news.independent.co.uk/world/middle_east/story.jsp?story=468919
題名には必ず「阿修羅さんへ」と記述してください。