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★阿修羅♪
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http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/main/news/20030904it13.htm
【ブリュッセル＝鶴原徹也】米国の国際的指導力を支持する欧州市民の割合は、１年前には６４％だったが、今では４５％に急減していることがわかった。ブリュッセルにある米系調査機関が４日、発表した。
調査は今年６月、英独仏など欧州７か国と米国の計約８０００人の成人を対象に行った。
米国の指導力への不支持は、国別ではフランスが７０％と最も高く、ドイツとイタリアが５０％で続いた。
支持急落の主因はイラク戦を巡るブッシュ外交に対する批判。欧州市民の６４％が不支持を表明した。
ただ、イラク攻撃で米国を支えた英国や、ラムズフェルド米国防長官から「新しい欧州」と持ち上げられたポーランドでは「米国の指導力」を過半数が支持しており、欧州市民の意識は依然として割れている。
米国民の場合、８０％が自国の指導力を支持している。
(2003/9/4/21:19 読売新聞)
プレスリリース（英文）へのリンク
(Key Findings Report)
http://www.transatlantictrends.org/apps/gmf/ttweb.nsf/sitepages/78A78C5D17AD489D85256D78007A536D?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=1
(Survey Results - Topline Data)
http://www.transatlantictrends.org/apps/gmf/ttweb.nsf/sitepages/521255001AC84EF785256D78007AB8FA?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=2
(English - U.S. Release)
http://www.transatlantictrends.org/apps/gmf/ttweb.nsf/sitepages/48130B55ED7AF84985256D78007612B3?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=4.1
(English - European Release)
http://www.transatlantictrends.org/apps/gmf/ttweb.nsf/sitepages/B0BB1D05617C323785256D9600726F45?OpenDocument&Start=1&Count=30&Expand=5.2
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English - European Release
TRANSATLANTIC SURVEY Shows Europeans and Americans Disagree on How Governments Should Respond to Global Trouble Spots
Europeans Question the Role of U.S. as Superpower,
While Americans Support U.S. Involvement Overseas in Record Numbers
WASHINGTON, D.C. September 4, 2003 – A new survey today revealed striking differences between how people in the United States and Europe believe their governments should respond to global trouble spots such as North Korea, the Middle East and Iran.
The survey, called Transatlantic Trends 2003, was conducted in June 2003 with 8,000 Americans and Europeans and is a project of the German Marshall Fund of the United States and the Compagnia di San Paolo, based in Turin, Italy. Participants were asked how they view international threats, the use of force, global leadership, multilaterism and areas of conflict such as the Middle East.
The results show that Americans and Europeans share similar views about global threats. International terrorism, weapons of mass destruction in North Korea and Iran, Islamic fundamentalism and the Israeli-Arab conflict ranked as their top five concerns. A question to gauge the warmth of feelings toward particular countries showed Americans and Europeans express about the same level of coolness towards Iran, North Korea and Syria.
When asked about how to respond to global threats, however, Americans and Europeans showed sharp differences. Americans are more likely than Europeans to support the use of military force to rid countries of weapons of mass destruction and to bypass the United Nations if vital national interests are at stake. Americans are also more willing to exert pressure on Palestinians and Arab states than are Europeans.
The poll also showed Europeans starkly questioning U.S. global leadership. Throughout Europe, majorities expressed disapproval of current U.S. foreign policy, with disapproval ratings among Italians and Germans soaring 20 points from the Worldviews 2002 survey, a similar poll conducted last year by the German Marshall Fund and the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. Less than half of European survey respondents (45%) – a drop from 64% in the 2002 poll – indicate a desire to see a strong U.S. presence in the world. Majorities in France (70%), Germany (50%) and Italy (50%) believe global U.S. leadership is “undesirable.”
Germany showed the most dramatic change in public opinion toward the United States. When asked whether the European Union (EU) or United States was more important to their vital interests, 81% of Germans (as compared to 55% in 2002), opted for the EU while 9% (as compared to 20% in 2002) chose the United States.
While Europeans grew more critical of U.S. foreign policy, Americans expressed record support for U.S. involvement overseas. The highest percentage of Americans since 19471 (77%) said they were in favour of an active U.S. role in world affairs. Support for isolationism was at a record low (15%). In addition, Americans (80%) say strong EU leadership is desirable.
“Overall, the events of the last year seem to have soured European opinion of the U.S. and at the same time improved U.S. feeling about the EU. What I believe this apparent inconsistency is saying is that neither Europeans nor Americans want to go it alone or compete with each other on foreign policy. They both want to see a strong European Union and a U.S. superpower that works through multilateral institutions,” said Craig Kennedy, President of the German Marshall Fund.
“European citizens seem to be aware of the need for a strong, common international role of the EU. In fact, the public seem to be more aware of this need than many of their own governments,” said Piero Gastaldo, Secretary General of the Compagnia di San Paolo.
Key Findings of The Transatlantic Trends 2003
North Korea: On questions regarding North Korea acquiring weapons of mass destruction, a majority of Americans (63%) are likely to support the use of military force. By contrast, less than half of European respondents (37%) support the use of military force.
Iran: In the case of Iran acquiring weapons of mass destruction, there is an increase of support among Europeans for military action. Slightly less than half (44%) would support the use of force. Two-thirds of Americans (73%) would support military action.
Middle East peace process: Large majorities of Americans (67%) and Europeans (75%) appear willing to exert pressure on Israel, but Americans are much more willing to exert pressure on the Palestinians and the Arab states than the Europeans. When asked about stopping economic aid to the Palestinians to end their suicide attacks against Israeli civilians, Americans showed unequivocal support for such a policy, with 50% of Americans, as compared to 26% of Europeans, agreeing “strongly.” Overall, American support (72%) for halting Palestinian aid to end suicide attacks was much greater than European support (52%).
In the case of increasing pressure on Arab states to stop their support of Palestinian terrorism, overall support is high in both the United States (89%) and Europe (79%), but the intensity of feeling among Americans, with 70% agreeing strongly with the proposal, is far greater than the 45% offering strong agreement in Europe. One area of unexpected consensus was majority support on both sides of the Atlantic for sending a peacekeeping force to separate the parties (67% of Europeans, 55% of Americans).
International organisations: On questions regarding the role of international organisations in addressing disputes, both Americans (70%) and Europeans (74%) opt for strengthening the United Nations, but a majority of Americans (57%) support bypassing the world body if U.S. vital interests are at stake, while a majority of Europeans (53%) would not favour bypassing it if their interests were at stake.
Sanctions: Given the choice on how to respond to international threats both sides prefer economic sanctions to the use of military force.
Attitude on war: Americans and Europeans disagree on whether a war can be just – 48% of Europeans answered that war may be used to achieve justice, vs. 84% of Americans.
Europe as a superpower: A majority of Europeans (71%) said they want to see Europe emerge as a superpower. However, only half (51%) of those who support a European superpower would do so if it required greater military spending.
1. Trend data from 1947 through 1973 come from the following national surveys conducted by the National Organization for Research at the University of Chicago (NORC): Study T-49, 151, 156, 169, 295, 332, 348, 355, 370, 399 and the 1973 General Social Survey. The 1974 survey was conducted by Louis Harris and Associates, Inc.
For the full Key Findings report and top-line data, see www.transatlantictrends.org
SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS
Transatlantic Trends is a project of the German Marshall Fund of the United States and the Compagnia di San Paolo. Support for the Portuguese section of the survey was provided by the Luso-American Foundation. Taylor Nelson Sofres (TNS SOFRES) conducted the survey and collected the data from the United States and seven European countries: Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Portugal.
METHODOLOGY
The surveys were conducted by telephone interviews in all countries except Poland, where lower telephone penetration necessitates face-to-face interviews. In each of the participating countries 1,000 men and women, 18 years of age and older, were interviewed using a random digit-dialling technique. The fieldwork for the survey was conducted June 10-25, 2003. For results based on the total sample in each of the eight countries, one can say with 95% confidence that the margin of error attributable to sampling and other random effects is +/- 3 percentage points. For results based on the total European sample, the margin of error is less than +/- 1.4 percentage points. The figures given for Europe as a whole are weighted on the basis of adult population in each of the seven countries surveyed.
# # #
The German Marshall Fund of the United States (www.gmfus.org) is an American grantmaking and public policy institution founded in 1972 through a gift from Germany in honor of post-war Marshall Plan assistance. GMF’s mission is to promote the exchange of ideas and cooperation between the United States and Europe in the spirit of the Marshall Plan.
The Compagnia di San Paolo (www.compagnia.torino.it), founded in Turin in 1563 as a charitable brotherhood, is today one of the largest private grant-making foundations in Europe, with assets of approximately 5.5 billion euros. The Compagnia pursues aims of public interest and is committed to developing an awareness of European and international issues in Italy.
The Luso-American Development Foundation (www.flad.pt) The main goal of this private, financially independent Portuguese institution created in 1985, is to contribute towards Portugal's development by providing financial and strategic support for innovative projects and by fostering cooperation between Portuguese and American civil society.
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