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ガーデイアン：嘘の口実の下に戦われた戦争。ハットン調査委員会は決定的疑問に答えた。
後半に、ケリー事件のガーデイアン記事の総合案内頁を配した。
本投稿の前半は、この総合案内の中から、国際情報総合分析研究所代表の木村愛二が、論争的な背景に惑わされることなく、核心に触れる部分を選び出したものである。
http://politics.guardian.co.uk/kelly/comment/0,13747,1017450,00.html
A war fought under false pretences
The Hutton inquiry has already answered the crucial question
Roy Hattersley
Wednesday August 13, 2003
The Guardian
No doubt, the fireworks come later. We can look forward to Alastair Campbell treating the Hutton inquiry in the same cavalier fashion that he addressed the House of Commons select committee; the BBC angrily refuting the allegation that the Today programme would rather make news than report it; and, top of the bill, the prime minister defending his integrity against the charge that he wilfully exaggerated the case for going to war.
There will be dramatic days ahead. But Monday's opening session - intended as only the sighting shots in a battle which will last all summer - got very close to answering the crucial question that lies at the heart of the inquiry. However and why Dr Kelly died; whoever added a claim that Saddam Hussein could deploy weapons of mass destruction in 45 minutes; and whether or not Alastair Campbell "sexed up" the dossier that described Saddam's capability, one thing is now clear. If we had known in March what we know today, neither the House of Commons nor the British people would have supported the decision to go to war - a rather more important issue than whether or not the BBC was critical of one of its reporters' literary style.
There can no longer be any doubt about the status of Dr Kelly. We may yet learn of minor eccentricities and we already know that he resented the way in which he had been treated by the Ministry of Defence. But he was a scientist who knew more about Saddam's weapons programme than anyone else in Britain - perhaps anyone else in the world. He was neither a fantasist nor a fraud, but an acknowledged international expert. And he believed that the claims were exaggerated.
He was not alone. Martin Howard, deputy chief of intelligence at the MoD, told the inquiry that two intelligence officers had made formal complaints about the way in which the government dossier - constructed to justify the war - was written. Their objection was precise and covered three specific areas: "the recent production of weapons of mass destruction", the claim that those weapons could be deployed within 45 minutes and the "importance of chemical weapons to Saddam Hussein". They believe that the dossier's treatment of each suffered from the same fatal flaw. "The existing wording is not wrong but it has a lot of spin on it."
What intelligence sources judged to be possible came to be represented in the government's dossier as a certainty. Might became will. And, in the case of the 45-minute warning only one source argued that the danger was definite. In the words of Martin Howard the critics challenged "the level of certainty" expressed in the foreword and executive summary of the document. And the impression that an attack was imminent was increased by the addition, a couple of weeks before it was published, of the 45-minute claim. Britain was asked to go to war because we and our allies faced a real and present danger. But only in the land of might have been.
The country and the Commons were doubtful enough about the war even when they were told that Saddam's lethal capability was certain. If they had known that it was only the supposition of some intelligence officers, the opposition to military action would have been irresistible. And the doubts do more than undermine the dossier that changed the public mood. They make the decision to go to war itself indefensible. If young men and women are sent to die, the politicians who send them need to be sure that the sacrifice is justified. In Iraq, soldiers were sacrificed for a hypothesis which was rejected by some of the intelligence officers who were qualified to make a judgment.
Much of the evidence given on Monday confirms how imprecise a business intelligence gathering is. Conclusions are reached on the basis of probability. The dossier that justified war was the result of what amounted to a collegiate discussion, with some members supporting the eventual wording and some dissenting. It is impossible to justify war on a majority vote, a difference of opinion or a compromise over conflicting judgment about its necessity. Britain went to war under false pretences.
The inquiry will grind on. Alastair Campbell will, no doubt, be acquitted of personally and exclusively adding the 45-minute warning to the dossier, though there will be no doubt that Dr Kelly made that allegation and the BBC was justified in reporting it. That means that the BBC will almost certainly be vindicated. The prime minister will undoubtedly assert that he remains certain of the moral justification for the war. Civil servants may be censured and ministers may lose their jobs. We can look forward to weeks of lurid headlines. But nothing the inquiry reveals in future can be more important than the single fact that it demonstrated last Monday. The government exaggerated the threat from Iraq. If it had given the country an honest account of the danger the outcry against military action would have been too great for the government to resist or the prime minister to survive.
以下が、2003年8月14日の電網 ガーデイアンの表紙ケリー事件関係部分と、ケリー事件関係の総合案内頁である。
http://www.guardian.co.uk/ Thursday August 14 2003
'Misguided and false'
Newsnight journalist stuns Hutton inquiry by turning on BBC bosses.
Kelly: No 10 exaggerated war case
Document treasure trove reveals clues
War of words split BBC
Comment: Polly Toynbee
Special report: David Kelly
http://politics.guardian.co.uk/kelly/0,13747,1002607,00.html
The Hutton inquiry
DocumentsClick here for a full archive of documents, speeches and texts relating to Dr Kelly's death
Hutton inquiry: day three
'Misguided and false' - reporter's verdict on BBC
August 14: Newsnight journalist stuns Hutton inquiry by turning on bosses.
Kelly: No 10 exaggerated the case for war
August 14: The government would not have convinced the public of the need for war against Iraq without exaggerating the threat posed by Saddam Hussein's weapons of mass destruction, its own leading expert believed.
Day 3: In summary
August 14: Tensions within the BBC were highlighted when Newsnight's science editor, Susan Watts, criticised managers for attempting to "mould" her work to corroborate Andrew Gilligan's controversial report
War of words split BBC
August 14: The reporter Watts bombshell exposes pressure of managers 'to back Gilligan'.
Unity crumbles in the spotlight - but will the corporation recover?
August 14: For weeks the BBC has maintained an edifice of unity, with unstinting support for Andrew Gilligan from the highest level. But the first three days of the Hutton Inquiry have laid bare the corporation's internal fault lines.
Scientist believed government used spin to boost case for war
August 14: Whitehall 'deaf' to advice that Iraqi threat was limited.
'A statement popped up and was seized on'
August 14: BBC journalist's recording shows Kelly's unease over 45 minute claim but declining to name Campbell.
'Campbell is on the run or bonkers'
August 14: Extracts of inquiry documents
Sambrook 'struck by similarities' between two Kelly stories
August 14: As the BBC's head of news, Richard Sambrook, took the witness stand yesterday, he knew he would find himself in the exceptionally unenviable position of having to answer the criticism levelled at him by one of his own reporters.
Document treasure trove reveals key clues
August 14: Critical differences between early and final drafts of dossier are laid bare as daily release of papers establishes fuller picture.
Sambrook's actions were 'driven by duty'
August 13: BBC director of news Richard Sambrook today denied trying to 'mould' a report by Newsnight's Susan Watts and defended asking her to name the source of her Iraq dossier story.
Today editor 'called Campbell bonkers'
August 13: BBC director of news Richard Sambrook has told the Hutton inquiry the Today editor Kevin Marsh described Alastair Campbell as "bonkers" during the weapons dossier affair.
Kelly blamed 'someone' at No 10
August 13: David Kelly made a series of oblique references to 'someone' in Downing Street desperate to beef up Downing Street's claims against Iraq in his taped conversation with the BBC's Susan Watts.
Watts: 'Kelly did not blame Campbell'
August 13: BBC reporter Susan Watts has denied David Kelly named Alastair Campbell as the man who inserted the 45 minute claim into the Iraq dossier.
Transcript of Watts' conversation with Dr Kelly (pdf)
BBC governors were split over Today report
August 13: Despite showing a united front in public, BBC governors were split in their support for the corporation at the height of the Iraq dossier row.
Hutton inquiry: day twoGilligan, Kelly, Campbell: tale of flaws, evasion and spin unfolds
August 13: Second reporter treated Kelly's claim about sexed-up dossier as a 'gossipy aside'.
Doubts at the BBC
August 13: Evidence reveals BBC editors and governors had doubts despite public support for story.
A quiet chat and a name that led to tragedy
August 13: Detailed notes reveal how dossier story unfolded.
Second BBC reporter says Kelly told her Campbell 'sexed up' dossier
August 13: 'Glib and speculative' remark surprised journalist.
Reporter's three takes on a story still far from clarity
August 13: Certainty at start of saga replaced by interpretation and inference over Campbell role.
Day 2: In summary
Transcript: 'You have misled the committee and the world'
How BBC editors finalised the story
August 13: Radio 4 reporter reveals complex news operation.
Kevin Marsh's email about Andrew Gilligan
A war fought under false pretences
August 13, Roy Hattersley: The Hutton inquiry has already answered the crucial question.
Hindsight steals the show
August 13, sketch: Strange that New Labour, with all its stagecraft, should come to a reckoning here in Court 73, beneath buzzing strip lights and surrounded by teak furniture. It's like seeing Derry Irvine in Ikea.
Comment: Rod Liddle
Leader: Hutton's evidence
Hutton: first thoughts
August 13, letters: The Hutton inquiry perfectly illustrates the problem with the Blair government: a lack of honesty and a belief that repeating lies often enough makes them true (Iraq dossier blow for Blair, August 12).
Gilligan 'millstone' worried BBC
Gilligan claims reopen controversy
Kelly 'said government sexed up Iraq dossier'
Theatre to stage Hutton play
August 12: The theatre which staged the Stephen Lawrence inquiry and the Scott inquiry into arms to Iraq affair is planning a production of the Hutton inquiry.
Hutton inquiry: day oneIraq dossier blow for Blair
Doubts raised by two more officials
Kelly portrayed as key expert
Words 'not wrong but lots of spin'
Charge against Campbell rejected
Press review: 'A lot of fingers will be burnt'
Day one: In summary
The witnesses
A happy working atmosphere
Rules broken on media contacts
Tribute to steadfast inspector
Martin Howard, deputy chief of intelligence, MoD
Richard Hatfield, personnel director at MoD
Patrick Lamb, counter-proliferation, Foreign Office
Julian Miller, Senior Cabinet Office official
Terence Taylor, International Institute of Strategic Studies
Protests as documents held back
August 12: The Hutton inquiry and journalists were last night on course for a clash after officials refused to release documents referred to during the first days of hearings.
A brilliant scientist showered with praise, but not pay
August 12, analysis: Kelly was trapped in 'black hole' of Whitehall machine.
A sense of history - so take off your jacket
August 12, sketch: The British court system has always been a natural home for great rhetoricians. Lord Hutton is not one of them.
Foreign Office and MoD opinions differ over Kelly
August 11: A senior Foreign Office official today revealed a significant difference between how the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign Office handled David Kelly's case.
Kelly was in 'normal' frame of mind days before his death
August 11: One of David Kelly's closest friends today told the Hutton inquiry how 'normal' the scientist seemed just days before his death.
Legal eagles set for Kelly inquiry
August 11: Nine of the country's top barristers are gathering to act for the parties involved in Lord Hutton's inquiry into the events surrounding the death of David Kelly.
MoD: Kelly was not named 'gratuitously'
August 11: Richard Hatfield, personnel director of the Ministry of Defence, today stood by the department's decision to confirm the name of David Kelly to journalists.
Test of Blair's trust begins today
August 11: Government ministers are privately acknowledging that the chances of Tony Blair recovering the trust of the British electorate rest on the next two months and the Hutton inquiry starting today into the suicide of the government scientist Dr David Kelly.
Careers on the line as hearings get under way
August 11: The 'sexed up' dossier scandal threatens to damage Blair, the defence secretary and the BBC.
Schedule: When key witnesses testify.
Senior counsel seen as low-key but tough
August 11: James Dingemans QC, senior counsel to the Hutton inquiry, once said that his favourite case was representing a man mauled by an escaped lion in a seaside town.
Fake piety is no way to show respect
August 11, Roy Hattersley: Dr David Kelly's death is being maliciously exploited by the right.
Build-up to the Hutton inquiryTwo months that will settle Blair's fate
August 10: The David Kelly inquiry that begins tomorrow has to unravel opposing claims by Whitehall and BBC.
Civil service to speak freely at Kelly inquiry
Hutton summons BBC journalists
Hutton bans TV cameras from Kelly hearings
August 6: Lord Hutton barred television cameras from his inquiry into the events leading to David Kelly's death yesterday, arguing that they might prevent witnesses speaking "as frankly as they would otherwise do".
Transcript will clear Gilligan of changing story to MPs, says BBC
Kelly inquiry to probe spy links
MoD denies it tried to burn documents
Evasions, allusions and tragedy
Your inquisitor awaits, Mr Blair
Blair and Hoon head long list of witnesses
Scientist had recent heart test
August 2: Four electrode pads found on David Kelly's chest are likely to have been used to monitor his heart with a portable device called a Holter monitor.
Two stage proceedings but with no power to force witnesses to reveal the truth
Leader: Fair and exact
Gilligan's secret evidence
August 1: Labour and Tory MPs accused the BBC reporter at the heart of the Iraqi weapons row of 'leading the public up the garden path in a most staggering way'.
Extracts from Gilligan's cross-examination
Broadcasters want Kelly inquiry shown live
So just who is Lord Hutton?
July 31: He's the man charged with investigating the David Kelly affair. The future of the government and the BBC may well be in his hands. But what do we know about Britain's sixth most-senior judge? On the eve of the inquiry, James Meek goes in search of the real Lord Hutton.
Oliver Burkeman: an entirely judge-like judge
Full text: Lord Hutton's statement
Profile: Lord Hutton
Do not use 45-minute claim, CIA told No 10
July 31: The CIA objected to claims in the British government's September dossier on Iraq's banned weapons programme, the issue at the heart of the Kelly affair, it was revealed yesterday.
Hain: Kelly's identity could not have been kept secret
'New dossier' expectedNew Iraq weapons dossier expected
August 8: A new intelligence dossier is being prepared on the progress made in finding Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, it was reported today.
The funeral of David KellyKelly funeral brings calm in the storm
August 7: Service remembers happy family man with pride in Welsh roots while media kept at arm's length.
Bell tolls for Kelly
August 6: A lone mourning bell tolled as David Kelly's coffin was carried into the 13th century Oxforshire church where his funeral is taking place today.
Friends bid farewell to 'gentle' Kelly
Mangold pays tribute to Kelly
August 6: Journalist Tom Mangold today paid tribute to his friend David Kelly, saying the scientist would be buried as 'a man who did so much for peace and to counteract evil'.
Kelly to be buried today
'Walter Mitty' quoteNo 10 aide forced to apologise
August 6: Angry Prescott intervenes over Mitty slur.
The voice of No 10 that whispered too loud
Timeline: No 10 and the Kelly affair
Not so secret life of a literary folk hero
August 6: Walter Mitty is one of the most anthologised characters of the 20th century. And yet a key point about him escaped Tom Kelly (spin doctor).
Leader: Insensitive spin
No 10 apology for Kelly blunder
Full text: Tom Kelly's statement
Profile: Tom Kelly
The real fall guy
August 5: Those who accuse No 10 of deliberately smearing David Kelly misunderstand the process of lobby journalism, writes Guardian political editor Michael White.
Sack No 10 spokesman, urges Jackson
Kelly friend brands No 10 'heartless'
Blair's man admits Kelly claim
Geoff HoonHoon under fire as holiday clashes with Kelly funeral
August 4: The defence secretary, Geoff Hoon, personally informed the widow of weapons inspector David Kelly that he would be on a family holiday on the day of her husband's funeral, it emerged yesterday.
MoD admits Hoon met scientist
July 28: The credibility of the defence secretary, Geoff Hoon, is looking increasingly fragile after his own officials were last night forced to contradict claims that he had never spoken to David Kelly, the biological weapons expert.
27.07.03: Revealed: Kelly told church of dossier fears
Shambles as Hoon stays silent
July 25: Defence secretary refuses questions on Kelly's death.
Hoon pays visit to scientist's widow
July 24: The widow of David Kelly yesterday called the defence secretary, Geoff Hoon, to her Oxfordshire home to discuss the circumstances which led to the suicide of the government's senior biological and chemical weapons adviser.
Hoon 'behind Kelly strategy'
Hoon stumbles into PR blunder
Media falloutBBC faces new questions as charter debate reignites
July 28: A senior BBC executive cleared Andrew Gilligan's controversial newspaper article in which he first linked Alastair Campbell to the "sexing up" of the claim that Iraq could launch weapons of mass destruction within 45 minutes.
Black: 'BBC is pathologically hostile to most British institutions'
Hain: 'The bubble that must be burst'
Davies: 'We are just doing our job'
BBC 'more trustworthy than government'
Ministers retreat over BBC charter threats
July 28: Jowell urges truce and rebukes Davies
Defence secretary's credibility undermined
Bully Ministers will wreck us - BBC chairman
BBC chiefs dig in for inquiry
Press baron blasts media
Another source of war against the BBC governors
July 27: Like all British governments, this one simply wants to bring the corporation to heel.
BBC stakes all on Gilligan in face of Downing Street onslaught
How the dossier row unfolded
Mangold: Kelly 'caught in a nutcracker between BBC and No 10'
July 21: Tom Mangold, the former BBC correspondent and close friend of David Kelly, has accused Andrew Gilligan of 'taking the apple Kelly gave him and mixing it with an orange from another source'.
Murdoch papers open fire on BBC
Cracks appear in BBC ranks as executives face staff revolt
Gilligan is 'loose cannon', says Mandelson
Time for change?Politics and the media: is it time for change?
July 27: Must relations between politicians and the press involve spin and fury? Leading politicians, journalists and commentators set out their agendas for change.
It's lies that kill, not the truth
Blair's marathon man hits the final straight
July 27: The Prime Minister's closest ally is finally on his way out of Downing Street. Kamal Ahmed examines the pressures that led Alastair Campbell to go and asks how Blair will cope without him.
New role for Campbell as he plans exit
Mary Riddell: face to face with death
The revolving door of Blair's inner circle
Nick Cohen: Whistling in the wind
'The truth is all but lost in the noise'
July 27, Cristina Odone: Snarls, punchups and threats - these are the means Alastair Campbell uses to keep Britain's anarchic press on a tight leash.
Special report: politics and the media
Political falloutShort: Blair implicated in Kelly death
July 28: Clare Short, the former cabinet minister who resigned after the Iraq war, today accused the prime minister of being "implicated" in the death of government scientist David Kelly.
Minister springs to Campbell's defence
No 10 denies Campbell departure claim
The bookies' favourites to replace Alastair Campbell
Blair in intensive talks over Campbell's future
Kelly's body released for funeral
July 25: The body of government scientist David Kelly has been released to his family by a coroner so that his family can arrange his funeral, police said today.
Blair returns to face Kelly fallout
The leak, the name. Who is to blame?
Blair denies role in naming Kelly
Outing of scientist's identity approved 'at highest level'
Every prime minister must have an Alastair Campbell
July 29, Hugo Young: Political parties will not, and should not, abandon their spinning ways.
Tony the lonely
July 25, Matthew Tempest: The last week shows just how lost the prime minister would be without his chief spin doctor.
Role of BBCBBC to produce Kelly tape in bid to exonerate reporter
July 23: The BBC has a tape of David Kelly expressing serious concern about how Downing Street made the case for war, the Guardian can reveal.
BBC board accused of confusion
BBC governors break ranks over Iraq dossier
BBC stakes all on Gilligan in face of Downing Street onslaught
July 22: The BBC is preparing to mount a high-stakes defence of its correspondent Andrew Gilligan against an onslaught directed by Downing Street and fronted by - among others - Peter Mandelson..
Gilligan checked quotes with Kelly
BBC said no to truce on dossier row
July 21: BBC bosses blocked a compromise which might have prevented the suicide of David Kelly, the weapons expert confirmed by the corporation yesterday as its source for the story of the 'sexed-up" dossier.
Full text: BBC statement
Full text: Gilligan's statement
Campbell 'disturbed and dangerous', says journalist
July 21: Alastair Campbell is 'out of control', according to the Mail on Sunday's deputy editor following a bruising face-to-face encounter with the No 10 spin chief.
Who's who?From dossier to death - the key moments, the key people
August 2: An edited transcript of the outline of events given by Lord Hutton.
Iraq dossier row: the key figures
What the papers say'The final word will be Hutton's'
August 4, press review: The official focus is narrow, but it goes to the heart of our goverment.
'Our integrity is under attack'
July 29, press review: The BBC's board of governors faces mounting criticism.
July 23, world press review: Tragedy confirms suspicions over war
July 23: UK press review: 'It will only be half the story'
July 22, UK press review: 'How can we trust the BBC?'
July 21, world press review: 'Politics has been polluted'
July 21, UK press review: 'Who lied?'
Coroner's reportCoroner says Kelly died from cut to left wrist
July 22: The Oxfordshire coroner, Nicholas Gardiner, said Dr David Kelly had died from an "incised wound" to the left wrist.
Lord Hutton's inquiryTories call for wider dossier inquiry
July 22: The Conservative leader, Iain Duncan Smith, today demanded that the judicial inquiry into David Kelly's death also examine the government's controversial September dossier on Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction.
'A classic establishment figure'
July 21, profile: If Lord Hutton's name has previously penetrated the public consciousness, it would have been for his role in the extradition case against General Augusto Pinochet.
Were MPs to blame?Party chiefs defend Kelly's questioners
July 21: Andrew Mackinlay, the MP who accused the government scientist David Kelly of being 'chaff' and 'a fall guy', was today defended by his constituency party chairman.
Don't blame the MPs; they perform a crucial role
July 21, Simon Hoggart: Among the reverberations round the terrible death of Dr David Kelly, one worrying myth seems to be spreading - that he was sent to his grave by the Commons foreign affairs committee.
Read Dr Kelly's evidence to MPs
Read the foreign affairs committee report on the dossier (pdf)
How I watched the ordeal of a quiet man unfold
July 19, Patrick Wintour: I was sitting immediately behind Dr Kelly as he gave evidence. Within seconds it became clear that it was going to be one of the strangest select committee hearings I had attended in more than 15 years.
Comment and analysisFull archive of comment and analysis on the David Kelly affair
Your lettersIn a Walter Mitty world
August 6, letters: Whitehall's search for WMCs (Walter Mitty characters) is misplaced. Surely, one is on holiday in the Bahamas and the other is on his ranch in Texas?
July 29: War over the BBC
July 25: Spectre of Murdoch haunts the news agenda
July 24: Gilligan's war
July 23: The vulnerable Dr Kelly
TimelinesThe involvement of Dr David Kelly
The Gilligan affair
ObituaryDavid Kelly
July 19: Biological weapons expert with a reputation for thoroughness.
More political obituaries
Recent articles
14.08.03 War of words split BBC
14.08.03 Sambrook 'struck by similarities' between two Kelly stories
14.08.03 'A statement popped up and was seized on'
14.08.03 Day 3: In summary
14.08.03 Scientist believed government used spin to boost case for war
14.08.03 Document treasure trove reveals key clues
14.08.03 'Misguided and false' - reporter's verdict on BBC
14.08.03 Kelly: No 10 exaggerated the case for war
14.08.03 Unity crumbles in the spotlight - but will the corporation recover?
14.08.03 'Campbell is on the run or bonkers'
13.08.03 Letters: Hutton: first thoughts
13.08.03 'You have misled the committee and the world'
13.08.03 A quiet chat and a name that led to tragedy
13.08.03 Kevin Marsh's email about Andrew Gilligan
13.08.03 Day 2: In summary
Comment
14.08.03 Polly Toynbee: Hutton seeks certainty in a world of wobbly truths
13.08.03 Rod Liddle: Labour's attack on Gilligan is just nit-picking
13.08.03 Leader: Hutton's evidence
13.08.03 Roy Hattersley: A war fought under false pretences
13.08.03 Hindsight steals the show
12.08.03 Protests as documents held back
12.08.03 Hutton inquiry: Day one summary
12.08.03 A brilliant scientist showered with praise, but not pay
12.08.03 Hutton witnesses: Richard Hatfield
12.08.03 Hutton witnesses: Martin Howard
12.08.03 Hutton witnesses: Patrick Lamb
12.08.03 Hutton witnesses: Julian Miller
12.08.03 Hutton witnesses: Terence Taylor
11.08.03 Roy Hattersley: Fake piety is no way to show respect
07.08.03 Richard Norton-Taylor: Of course Dr Kelly was no Walter Mitty
Guardian Newspapers Limited 2003
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